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@PREAMBLE{"\hyphenation{Vite-vitch
Cole-man
Rud-nicky
Pierre-hum-bert
Sonnen-stuhl
Eisen-beiss
Brad-low
Ble-vins
Bier-wisch
Booth-royd
Broadbent
Nitt-rouer
Zwitser-lood
Wunder-lich
Van-nest}"}

@STRING{JASA = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}}

@STRING{JML = {Journal of Memory and Language}}

@ARTICLE{Albright2002,
  author = {Albright, A.},
  title = {Islands of reliability for regular morphology: Evidence from Italian},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {78},
  pages = {684--709},
  number = {4},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {The representation of regular morphological processes has been the
	subject of much controversy, particularly in the debate between single
	and dual route models of morphology. I present a model of morphological
	learning that posits rules and seeks to infer their productivity
	by comparing their reliability in different phonological environments.
	The result of this procedure is a grammar in which general rules
	exist alongside more specific, but more reliable, generalizations
	describing subregularities for the same process. I present results
	from a nonce-probe (WUG) experiment in Italian, in which speakers
	rated the acceptability of novel infinitives in various conjugation
	classes. These results indicate that such subregularities are in
	fact internalized by speakers, even for a regular morphological process.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Albright2002.pdf},
  sn = {0097-8507},
  timestamp = {2007.02.10},
  ut = {ISI:000180204900006}
}

@ARTICLE{Albright2003,
  author = {Albright, Adam and Hayes, Bruce},
  title = {Rules vs. analogy in English past tenses: a computational/experimental
	study},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {90},
  pages = {119--161},
  number = {2},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Are morphological patterns learned in the form of rules? Some models
	deny this, attributing all morphology to analogical mechanisms. The
	dual mechanism model (Pinker, S., & Prince, A. (1998). On language
	and connectionism: analysis of a parallel distributed processing
	model of language acquisition. Cognition, 28, 73-193) posits that
	speakers do internalize rules, but that these rules are few and cover
	only regular processes; the remaining patterns are attributed to
	analogy. This article advocates a third approach, which uses multiple
	stochastic rules and no analogy. We propose a model that employs
	inductive learning to discover multiple rules, and assigns them confidence
	scores based on their performance in the lexicon. Our model is supported
	over the two alternatives by new "wug test" data on English past
	tenses, which show that participant ratings of novel pasts depend
	on the phonological shape of the stem, both for irregulars and, surprisingly,
	also for regulars. The latter observation cannot be explained under
	the dual mechanism approach, which derives all regulars with a single
	rule. To evaluate the alternative hypothesis that all morphology
	is analogical, we implemented a purely analogical model, which evaluates
	novel pasts based solely on their similarity to existing verbs. Tested
	against experimental data, this analogical model also failed in key
	respects: it could not locate patterns that require abstract structural
	characterizations, and it favored implausible responses based on
	single, highly similar exemplars. We conclude that speakers extend
	morphological patterns based on abstract structural properties, of
	a kind appropriately described with rules.},
  keywords = {Rules, Analogy, Similarity, Past tenses, Dual mechanism model},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/AlbrightHayes2003.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.12}
}

@ARTICLE{Allen1994,
  author = {Allen, Jont},
  title = {How do humans process and recognize speech?},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions of Speech and Audio Processing},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {567-577},
  number = {4},
  keywords = {Allen, Jont}
}

@ARTICLE{Allen2002,
  author = {Allen, Mark and Badecker, William},
  title = {Inflectional Regularity: Probing the Nature of Lexical Representation
	in a Cross-Modal Priming Task},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {705--722},
  number = {4},
  month = may,
  abstract = {Two cross-modal priming experiments address issues concerning the
	representation and processing of regular and irregular morphology
	in English as well as methodological issues concerning the use of
	the cross-modal technique in lexical processing studies. Cross-modal
	inflectional priming facilitates regular verbs (e.g., walked priming
	walk) but not irregular verbs (e.g., gave priming give). We found
	that similar but morphologically unrelated words (e.g., slam priming
	slim) inhibit each other when presented cross-modally. Based on this
	effect for form-based inhibition, we interpret the regular/irregular
	verb priming asymmetry as a reflection of competition between orthographically
	similar verb forms (e.g., gave-give) which results in target inhibition.
	In support of this proposal, we found that orthographically dissimilar
	irregular verbs (e.g., taught-teach) show strong priming facilitation.
	We account for this result in terms of a two-level lexicon in which
	irregular verb alternates have distinct form-level entries, but engage
	a common entry at an abstract morphological level of representation.
	In addition to serving as evidence concerning the representation
	of English verbal inflection, the findings from these experiments
	also set important limits on the claim that the cross-modal priming
	paradigm automatically circumvents form-related processing effects
	that are not morphological in character.},
  keywords = {inflectional morphology, regularity, two-level model of lexical processing,
	cross-modal priming, form-based inhibition.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/AllenBadecker2002JML.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.12.13},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WK4-45WGJ0Y-3/2/4e23b8078a19e6a7eb4f0a516cdb8583}
}

@MISC{Baayen1993,
  author = {Baayen, H, R. and H. Rijn},
  title = {The {CELEX} lexical database (CD-ROM)},
  howpublished = {Philadelphia: Linguistics Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania},
  year = {1993},
  journal = {Philadelphia: Linguistics Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania},
  keywords = {Baayen, H, R. and H. Rijn}
}

@ARTICLE{Baayen1997JML,
  author = {Baayen, R. H. and Dijkstra, T. and Schreuder, R.},
  title = {Singulars and plurals in Dutch: Evidence for a parallel dual-route
	modes},
  journal = {Journal Of Memory And Language},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {94--117},
  number = {1},
  month = jul,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/BaayenDijkstraSchreuder1997.pdf},
  sn = {0749-596X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09},
  ut = {ISI:A1997XG92100005}
}

@ARTICLE{Baayen2006,
  author = {Baayen, R. H. and Feldman, L. B. and Schreuder, R.},
  title = {Morphological influences on the recognition of monosyllabic monomorphemic
	words},
  journal = {Journal Of Memory And Language},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {290--313},
  number = {2},
  month = aug,
  af = {Baayen, R. H.EOLEOLFeldman, L. B.EOLEOLSchreuder, R.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/BaayenFeldmanSchreuder2006.pdf},
  sn = {0749-596X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09},
  ut = {ISI:000239352800009}
}

@ARTICLE{Baayen1997,
  author = {Baayen, R. H. and Lieber, R. and Schreuder, R.},
  title = {The morphological complexity of simplex nouns},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {861--877},
  number = {5},
  owner = {robfelty},
  sn = {0024-3949},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09},
  ut = {ISI:A1997YE39500003}
}

@ARTICLE{Baayen2005,
  author = {Baayen, R. H. and Martin, F. M. D.},
  title = {Semantic density and past-tense formation in three germanic languages},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {666--698},
  number = {3},
  month = sep,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Baayen2005.pdf},
  sn = {0097-8507},
  timestamp = {2007.02.06},
  ut = {ISI:000232076300006}
}

@ARTICLE{Bailey2001,
  author = {Bailey, Todd M. and Hahn, Ulrike},
  title = {Determinants of Wordlikeness: Phonotactics or Lexical Neighborhoods?},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {568--591},
  number = {4},
  month = may,
  abstract = {Wordlikeness, the extent to which a sound sequence is typical of words
	in a language, affects language acquisition, language processing,
	and verbal short-term memory. Wordlikeness has generally been equated
	with phonotactic knowledge of the possible or probable sequences
	of sounds within a language. Alternatively, wordlikeness might be
	derived directly from the mental lexicon, depending only on similarity
	to known words. This paper tests these two cognitively different
	possibilities by comparing measures of phonotactic probability and
	lexical influence, including a new model of lexical neighborhoods,
	in their ability to explain empirical wordlikeness judgments. Our
	data show independent contributions of both phonotactic probability
	and the lexicon, with relatively greater influence from the lexicon.
	The influence of a lexical neighbor is found to be an inverted-U-shaped
	function of its token frequency. However, our results also indicate
	that current measures are limited in their ability to account for
	sequence typicality.},
  keywords = {wordlikeness, phonotactics, token frequency, lexical neighborhood,
	sequence typicality.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/BaileyHahn2001.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.01.02},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WK4-457VF34-14/2/9cd7bc170454fcfc79324ba8f7ad57a7}
}

@ARTICLE{Balota1984,
  author = {Balota, David A. and James I. Chumbley},
  title = {Are Lexical Decisions a Good Measure of Lexical Access? The Role
	of Word Frequency in the Neglected Decision Stage},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {340-357},
  number = {3},
  keywords = {Balota, David A. James I.},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/Classes/Linguistics/Ling812-Perception/Balota1984.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Balota2001,
  author = {Balota, D. A. and Pilotti, M. and Cortese, M. J.},
  title = {Subjective frequency estimates for 2,938 monosyllabic words},
  journal = {Memory and Cognition},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {639--647},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09}
}

@ARTICLE{BenkiJASA,
  author = {Benk\'i, Jos\'e},
  title = {Quantitative evaluation of lexical status, word frequency and neighborhood
	density as context effects in spoken word recognition},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {2003},
  volume = {113},
  pages = {1689-1705},
  number = {3},
  keywords = {Benkk, Jose}
}

@ARTICLE{BenkiPhonetica,
  author = {Benk\'i, Jos\'e},
  title = {Analysis of {E}nglish Nonsense Syllable Recognition in Noise},
  journal = {Phonetica},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {129-157},
  keywords = {Benk��, Jos��},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/LSA2003/Phonetics in Phono/BenkiPhonetica.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Benki2005,
  author = {Jos\'e Benk\'i and Robert Felty},
  title = {Recognition of English phonemes in noise},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {2005},
  volume = {117},
  pages = {2568},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2006.10.09}
}

@UNPUBLISHED{BenkiMandarin,
  author = {Benk\'i, Jos\'e and J. Myers and Terrance Nearey},
  title = {Lexical Frequency Effects in {M}andarin},
  year = {in preparation},
  keywords = {Benki, Jose, J. and Terence Nearey, mandarin}
}

@ARTICLE{Berent2004,
  author = {Berent, I. and Vaknin, V. and Shimron, J.},
  title = {Does a theory of language need a grammar? Evidence from Hebrew root
	structure},
  journal = {Brain And Language},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {90},
  pages = {170--182},
  number = {1-3},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Hebrew constrains the occurrence of identical consonants in its roots:
	Identical consonants are acceptable root finally (e.g., skk), but
	not root initially (e.g., kks). Speakers' ability to freely generalize
	this constraint to novel phonemes (Berent, Marcus, Shimron, & Gafos,
	2002) suggests that they represent segment identity-a relation among
	mental variables. An alternative account attributes the restriction
	on identical phonemes to their feature similarity, captured by either
	the number of shared features or their statistical frequency-The
	similarity account predicts that roots with partially similar consonants
	(e.g., sgk) should be at least as acceptable as roots with fully
	identical consonants (e.g., skk), and each of these roots should
	be less acceptable than dissimilar controls (e.g., gdn). Contrary
	to these predictions, three lexical decision experiments demonstrate
	that full identity is more acceptable than partial similarity and
	(in some cases) controls. Speakers' sensitivity to consonant identity
	suggests that linguistic competence, in general, and phonology, in
	particular, encompass a computational mechanism that operates over
	variables. This conclusion is consistent with linguistic accounts
	that postulate a symbolic grammatical component that is irreducible
	to the statistical properties of the lexicon},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/BerentVaknin2003.pdf},
  sn = {0093-934X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.10},
  ut = {ISI:000222062500018}
}

@ARTICLE{Bertram2000,
  author = {Bertram, Raymond and Laine, Matti and Harald Baayen, R. and Schreuder,
	Robert and Hyona, Jukka},
  title = {Affixal Homonymy triggers full-form storage, even with inflected
	words, even in a morphologically rich language},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {B13--B25},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {This paper investigates whether affixal homonymy, the phenomenon that
	one affix form serves two or more semantic/syntactic functions, affects
	lexical processing of inflected words in a similar way for a morphologically
	rich language such as Finnish as for morphologically restricted languages
	such as Dutch and English. For the latter two languages, there is
	evidence that affixal homonymy triggers full-form storage for inflected
	words (Bertram, R., Schreuder, R., and Baayen, R. H. (in press).
	The balance of storage and computation in morphological processing:
	the role of word formation type, affixal homonymy, and productivity.
	Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition;
	. Processing of English inflectional morphology. Memory and Cognition,
	25, 425-437). Two visual lexical decision experiments show the same
	pattern for Finnish. Apparently, the substantially richer morphology
	in Finnish does not prevent full-form storage for inflected words
	when the affix is homonymic.},
  keywords = {Affixal Homonymy, Full-form storage, Morphologically rich languages},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T24-3Y6RF0B-4/2/04bb420f58933395ba981a099b02d02c}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Bierwisch1967,
  author = {Bierwisch, Manfred},
  title = {Syntactic features in morphology: General problems of so-called pronominal
	inflection in {G}erman},
  booktitle = {To Honor Roman Jakobson},
  publisher = {Mouton},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {239-270},
  address = {The Hague},
  keywords = {Bierwisch, Manfred. 1967}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Blevins2000,
  author = {Blevins, James P},
  title = { Markedness and blocking in {G}erman declensional paradigms},
  booktitle = { Lexicon in focus},
  publisher = {Akademie-Verlag},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Barbara Stiebels and Dieter Wunderlich},
  pages = {83-103},
  address = {Berlin},
  keywords = {Blevins, James P}
}

@ARTICLE{Blevins1995,
  author = {Blevins, James P},
  title = { Syncretism and paradigmatic opposition},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {113-152},
  keywords = {Blevins, James P}
}

@MISC{Praat,
  author = {Boersma, Paul and Weenink, David},
  title = {Praat: doing phonetics by computer (Version 4.4.12) [Computer program]},
  year = {2006},
  keywords = {Praat},
  url = {http://www.praat.org/}
}

@ARTICLE{Boothroyd1988,
  author = {Boothroyd, Arthur and Nittrouer, Susan},
  title = {Mathematical treatment of context effects in phoneme and word recognition},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1988},
  volume = {84},
  pages = {101-114},
  keywords = {Boothroyd, A and Nittrouer S.},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/BoothroydNittrouer1988.pdf}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Boudelaa2000,
  author = {Boudelaa, S. and Marslen-Wilson, W. D.},
  title = {Non-concatenative morphemes in language processing: Evidence from
	Modern Standard Arabic},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Spoken Word Access Processes},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {A. Cutler and J.M. McQueen and R. Zondervan},
  pages = {23���-26},
  address = {Nijmegen, The Netherlands},
  publisher = {Max-Planck Institute for Psychol inguistics.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13}
}

@ARTICLE{Bradlow1999,
  author = {Bradlow, Ann and David Pisoni},
  title = {Recognition of spoken words by native and non-native listeners: Talker-,
	listener- and item-related factors},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1999},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {2074-2085},
  number = {4},
  keywords = {Bradlow, Ann and David Pisoni},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/BradlowPisoni1999.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Bradlow1994,
  author = {Bradlow, Ann and David Pisoni},
  title = {Using a multi-talker database to identify sentence- and talker-dependent
	correlates of speech intelligibility: Preliminary results},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1994},
  volume = {95},
  pages = {3010},
  number = {5},
  keywords = {Bradlow, Ann and David Pisoni}
}

@ARTICLE{Broadbent1967,
  author = {Broadbent, D.},
  title = {Word-Frequency Effect and Response Bias},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {1-15},
  keywords = {Broadbent, D.},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/Classes/Linguistics/Ling812-Perception/Broadbent1967.pdf}
}

@BOOK{Bybee2001,
  title = {Phonology and Language Use},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2001},
  author = {Joan Bybee},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.01.25}
}

@ARTICLE{Bybee1995,
  author = {Bybee, Joan L.},
  title = {Regular morphology and the lexicon},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {425-455},
  keywords = {Bybee},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Bybee1995.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Caramazza1988,
  author = {Caramazza, Alfonso and Laudanna, Alessandro and Romani, Cristina},
  title = {Lexical access and inflectional morphology},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {297--332},
  number = {3},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {This study investigated the hypothesis that lexical representations
	are stored in morphologically decomposed form. Three lexical decision
	experiments in which the morphological structure of nonword stimuli
	was varied are reported. Systematic effects of morphological structure
	on reaction time and error performance were obtained. In particular,
	it was found that: (1) morphologically nondecomposable nonwords were
	easiest to process; (2) nonwords with partial morphological structure
	were processed with greater difficulty than this latter set of stimuli;
	and, (3) morphologically legal nonwords (i.e., nonwords that are
	exhaustively decomposable into morphemes) were processed with the
	greatest difficulty. Furthermore, it was found that within the class
	of morphologically legal nonwords performance was affected by the
	type of relationship that obtained between the morphemes that comprised
	a stimulus item. These results, which are interpreted as evidence
	in favor of the hypothesis that lexical representations are morphologically
	decomposed, are discussed in the context of the Augmented Addressed
	Morphology Model.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/CaramazzaLaudannaRomani1988.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T24-45WHV6D-4D/2/2d9f0769a3f41e5937870a6958c1ebe6}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Chang2001,
  author = {Steve Chang and Madelaine Plauch\'e and John Ohala},
  title = {Markedness and consonant confusion asymmetries},
  booktitle = {The role of speech perception in phonology},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {Elizabeth Hume and Keith Johnson },
  address = {San Diego},
  keywords = {ohala plauche chang confusion asymmetry}
}

@ARTICLE{Clahsen1999,
  author = {Harald Clahsen},
  title = {Lexical entries and rules of language: 
	
	A multidisciplinary study 
	
	of German inflection},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brian Sciences},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {991--1060},
  abstract = {Following much work in linguistic theory, it is hypothesized that
	the language faculty has a modular structure and consists of two
	basic components, a lexicon of (structured) entries and a computational
	system of combinatorial operations to form larger linguistic expressions
	from lexical entries. This target article provides evidence for the
	dual nature of the language faculty by describing recent results
	of a multidisciplinary investigation of German inflection. We have
	examined: (1) its linguistic representation, focussing on noun plurals
	and verb inflection (participles), (2) processes involved in the
	way adults produce and comprehend inflected words, (3) brain potentials
	generated during the processing of inflected words, and (4) the way
	children acquire and use inflection. It will be shown that the evidence
	from all these sources converges and supports the distinction between
	lexical entries and combinatorial operations. Our experimental results
	indicate that adults have access to two distinct processing routes,
	one accessing (irregularly) inflected entries from the mental lexicon
	and another involving morphological decomposition of (regularly)
	inflected words into stem�affix representations. These two processing
	routes correspond to the dual structure of the linguistic system.
	Results from event-related potentials confirm this linguistic distinction
	at the level of brain structures. In children���s language, we have
	also found these two processes to be clearly dissociated; regular
	and irregular inflection are used under different circumstances,
	and the constraints under which children apply them are identical
	to those of the adult linguistic system. 
	
	
	Our findings will be explained in terms of a linguistic model that
	maintains the distinction between the lexicon and the computational
	system but replaces the traditional view of the lexicon as a simple
	list of idiosyncrasies with the notion of internally structured lexical
	representations.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Clahsen1999.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13}
}

@ARTICLE{Clahsen2004,
  author = {Clahsen, H. and Hadler, M. and Weyerts, H.},
  title = {Speeded production of inflected words in children and adults},
  journal = {Journal Of Child Language},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {683--712},
  number = {3},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {This study examines the production of regular and irregular participle
	forms of German with high and low frequencies using a speeded production
	task. 40 children in two age groups (five- to seven-year olds, eleven-
	to twelve-year olds) and 35 adult native speakers of German listened
	to stem forms of verbs presented in a sentential context and were
	asked to produce corresponding participle forms as quickly and accurately
	as possible. Dependent variables were the subjects' participle-production
	latencies and error rates. We found contrasts between the production
	of regular and irregular forms in both children and adults, with
	respect to the production latencies and types of morphological error.
	Children overapplied the regular patterns to forms that are irregular
	in the adult language, but not vice versa. High-frequency irregular
	participles were produced faster (and amongst the children more accurately)
	than low-frequency ones, whereas regular participles yielded a reverse
	frequency effect, i.e. longer production latencies for high-frequency
	forms than for low-frequency ones, in the two groups of children
	as well as in one subgroup of adults. We explain these findings from
	the perspective of dual-mechanism models of inflection arguing that
	the mental mechanisms and representations for processing morphologically
	complex words ('words' and 'rules') are the same in children and
	adults, and that the observed child/adult differences in participle
	production are due to slower and less accurate lexical access in
	children than in adults.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/ClahsenHadlerWeyerts2004.pdf},
  sn = {0305-0009},
  timestamp = {2007.02.10},
  ut = {ISI:000225903800008}
}

@ARTICLE{Clahsen2001,
  author = {Clahsen, Harald and Sonja Isenbeiss and Meike Hadler and Ingrid Sonnenstuhl},
  title = {The mental representations of inflected words: an experimental study
	of adjectives and verbs in {G}erman},
  journal = {Language},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {510-543},
  number = {3},
  keywords = {Clahsen, Harald, Sonja Isenbeiss, Meike Hadler and Ingrid Sonnenstuhl},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/ClahsenEtAl2001.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{ColeRudnicky1983,
  author = {Ronald A. Cole and Alexander I. Rudnicky},
  title = {What's new in speech perception? The research and ideas of {W}illiam
	{C}handler {B}agley, 1874-1946},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {90},
  pages = {94-101},
  number = {1},
  keywords = {Cole Rudnicky William Chandler Bagley}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Coleman1997,
  author = {John Coleman and Janet Pierrehumbert},
  title = {Stochastic phonological grammars and acceptability},
  booktitle = {Computational phonology: Third meeting of the ACL special interest
	group in computational phonology},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {John Coleman},
  pages = {49-56},
  address = {Somerset, NJ},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/randomArticles/Coleman1997.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.10.24}
}

@ARTICLE{Coltheart1993,
  author = {Coltheart, Max and Curtis, Brent and Atkins, Paul and Haller, Michael},
  title = {Models of Reading Aloud: Dual-Route and Parallel-Distributed-Processing
	Approaches,},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {100},
  pages = {589--608},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {It has often been argued that various facts about skilled reading
	aloud cannot be explained by any model unless that model possesses
	a dual-route architecture (lexical and nonlexical routes from print
	to speech). This broad claim has been challenged by Seidenberg and
	McClelland (1989, 1990). Their model has but a single route from
	print to speech, yet, they contend, it can account form major facts
	about reading that have hitherto been claimed to require a dual-route
	architecture. The authors identify 6 of these major facts about reading.
	The 1-route model proposed by Seidenberg and McClelland can account
	for the first of these but not the remaining 5. Because models with
	dual-route architectures can explain all 6 of these basic facts about
	reading, the authors suggest that this remains the viable architecture
	for any tenable model of skilled reading and learning to read. The
	dual-route cascaded model, a computational version of the dual-route
	model, is described.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Coltheart1993.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.12},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6X04-46T966N-S/2/69edd4c17b69e04b5f29ecea4d05f1d6}
}

@ARTICLE{Connine1994,
  author = {Connine, Cynthia M. and Dawn G. Glasko and Jian Wang},
  title = {Vertical similarity in spoken word recognition: Multiple lexical
	activation, individual differences, and the role of sentence context},
  journal = {Perception and Psychophysics},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {624-636},
  number = {6},
  keywords = {Connine bilingual }
}

@ARTICLE{Conrad2004,
  author = {Conrad, M. and Jacobs, A.},
  title = {Replicating syllable frequency effects in Spanish in German: One
	more challenge to computational models of visual word recognition},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {369--390},
  number = {3},
  month = jun,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Conrad2004.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.12.11}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Cutler1979,
  author = {Cutler, Anne and Dennis Norris},
  title = {Monitoring sentence comprehension},
  booktitle = {Sentence processing: Psycholinguistics studies presented to Merrill
	Garrett},
  publisher = {Erlbaum},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {W. E. Cooper and E. C. T. Walker},
  keywords = {Cutler, Anne, }
}

@ARTICLE{Cutler2004,
  author = {Cutler, Anne and Andreas Weber and Roel Smits and Nicole Cooper},
  title = {Patterns of {E}nglish phoneme confusions by native and non-native
	listeners},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {2004},
  volume = {116},
  pages = {3668-3678},
  number = {6},
  keywords = {Cutler, Anne and Andreas Weber and Roel Smits and Nicole Cooper}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Dailey1997,
  author = {Dailey-O'Cain, Jennifer L.},
  title = {Geographic and Socio-political Influences on Language Ideology and
	Attitudes Toward Language Variation in Post-unification Germany},
  school = {University of Michigan},
  year = {1997},
  keywords = {Dailey O'Cain, language variation, German}
}

@BOOK{vanDam1940,
  title = {Handbuch der {D}eutschen {S}prache. {Z}weiter {B}and: {W}ortlehre},
  publisher = {J. B. Wolter's Uitgevers-Maatschappij N.V.},
  year = {1940},
  author = {van Dam, J.},
  address = {Groningen},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.14}
}

@ARTICLE{Drews1995,
  author = {Drews, Etta and Piene Zwitser\-lood},
  title = {Morphological and Orthographic Similarity in Visual Word Recognition},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {1098- 1116},
  number = {5},
  keywords = {Drews, Etta and Piene Zwitserlood}
}

@ARTICLE{Eddington2000,
  author = {Eddington, D.},
  title = {Analogy and the dual-route model of morphology},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {110},
  pages = {281--298},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Prasada and Pinker's (1993) subjects provided past tense forms of
	nonce verbs. The subject's willingness to provide irregular past
	tense forms correlated with the verb's phonological similarity to
	existing irregular English verbs. However, there:was no correlation
	between the number of nonce verbs assigned regular inflection, and
	the verb's similarity to existing regular verbs. According to the
	dual-route model, this is expected since irregular items are stored
	in associative memory, while regular items take an allomorph of -ed
	by rule. A single-route connectionist simulation failed to duplicate
	the subject's behavior on regular verbs.
	
	
	Two instance-based models were applied to the data: Analogical Modeling
	of Language and the Tilburg Memory Based Learner. Each model employed
	a-similarity algorithm to determine the behavior of all regular and
	irregular items. Both models successfully mirrored the subject's
	responses. Therefore, the data are consistent with an, instance-based
	single-route model of morphology.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Eddington2000.pdf},
  sn = {0024-3841},
  timestamp = {2007.02.10},
  ut = {ISI:000085868800003}
}

@ARTICLE{Elman2004,
  author = {Elman, Jeffrey L.},
  title = {An alternative view of the mental lexicon},
  journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {301--306},
  number = {7},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {An essential aspect of knowing language is knowing the words of that
	language. This knowledge is usually thought to reside in the mental
	lexicon, a kind of dictionary that contains information regarding
	a word's meaning, pronunciation, syntactic characteristics, and so
	on. In this article, a very different view is presented. In this
	view, words are understood as stimuli that operate directly on mental
	states. The phonological, syntactic and semantic properties of a
	word are revealed by the effects it has on those states.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Elman2004.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.12}
}

@BOOK{Fletcher1953,
  title = {Speech and Hearing in Communication},
  publisher = {Krieger},
  year = {1953},
  author = {Fletcher, Harvey},
  address = {New York},
  keywords = {Fletcher, Harvey}
}

@ARTICLE{Forster2000,
  author = {Forster, Kenneth I. and Azuma, Tamiko},
  title = {Masked priming for prefixed words with bound stems: Does <i>submit</i>
	prime <i>permit</i>?},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {539--561},
  number = {4 - 5},
  month = aug,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Forster2000.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.12.13},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960050119698}
}

@ARTICLE{Plaut2000,
  author = {Frost, Ram and Grainger, Jonathan},
  title = {Cross-linguistic perspectives on morphological processing: An introduction},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {321--328},
  number = {4 - 5},
  month = aug,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Frost2000.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.12.13},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960050119616}
}

@ARTICLE{Ganong1980,
  author = {Ganong, William F. III},
  title = {Phonetic Categorization in Auditory Word Perception},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {110-125},
  number = {1},
  keywords = {Ganong, Lexical Index Shift}
}

@ARTICLE{Goldinger1998,
  author = {Gol\-dinger, Stephen D},
  title = {Signal detection comparisons of phonemic and phonetic priming: The
	flexible-bias problem},
  journal = {Perception and Psychophysics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {952-965},
  number = {6},
  keywords = {Goldinger, Stephen D}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Gordon1997,
  author = {Gordon, Matthew},
  title = {Urban sound change beyond city limits: the spread of the Northern
	Cities Shift in Michigan},
  school = {University of Michigan dissertation},
  year = {1997},
  keywords = {Gordon northern cities shift}
}

@ARTICLE{Graf2005,
  author = {Graf, R. and Nagler, M. and Jacobs, A. M.},
  title = {Factor analysis of 57 variables in visual word recognition},
  journal = {ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {116},
  pages = {205--218},
  number = {4},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2006.12.11}
}

@ARTICLE{Hahn2000,
  author = {Hahn, U. and Nakisa, R. C.},
  title = {German inflection: Single route or dual route?},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {313--360},
  number = {4},
  month = dec,
  keywords = {single dual route},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/HahnNakisa2000.pdf},
  sn = {0010-0285},
  timestamp = {2007.02.06},
  ut = {ISI:000165767000001}
}

@ARTICLE{Hahne2006,
  author = {Hahne, A. and Mueller, J. L. and Clahsen, H.},
  title = {Morphological processing in a second language: Behavioral and event-related
	brain potential evidence for storage and decomposition},
  journal = {Journal Of Cognitive Neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {121--134},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/HahneMuellerClahsen2006.pdf},
  sn = {0898-929X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.10},
  ut = {ISI:000235368200011}
}

@ARTICLE{Hillenbrand1995,
  author = {Hillenbrand, J.M. and Getty, L.A. and Clark, M.J. and Wheeler, K.},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1995},
  volume = {97},
  pages = {3099-3111},
  number = {5},
  keywords = {Hillendbrand english vowels Peterson and Barney}
}

@ARTICLE{Hirsh1954,
  author = {Hirsh, I., Elizabeth g. and Maurice Joseph},
  title = {Intelligibility of Different Speech Materials},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1954},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {530-538},
  number = {4},
  keywords = {Hirsh, I., Elizabeth g. and Maurice Joseph}
}

@ARTICLE{Imai2005,
  author = {Satomi Imai and Amanda C. Walley and James E. Flege},
  title = {Lexical frequency and neighborhood density effects on the recognition
	of native and Spanish-accented words by native English and Spanish
	listeners},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {2005},
  volume = {117},
  pages = {896--907},
  abstract = {This study examined the effect of presumed mismatches between speech
	input and the phonological representations of English words by native
	speakers of English �NE� and Spanish �NS�. The English test words,
	which were produced by a NE speaker and a NS speaker, varied orthogonally
	in lexical frequency and neighborhood density and were presented
	to NE listeners and to NS listeners who differed in English pronunciation
	proficiency. It was hypothesized that mismatches between phonological
	representations and speech input would impair word recognition, especially
	for items from dense lexical neighborhoods which are phonologically
	similar to many other words and require finer sound discrimination.
	Further, it was assumed that L2 phonological representations would
	change with L2 proficiency. The results showed the expected mismatch
	effect only for words from dense neighborhoods. For Spanish-accented
	stimuli, the NS groups recognized more words from dense neighborhoods
	than the NE group did. For native-produced stimuli, the low-proficiency
	NS group recognized fewer words than the other two groups. The-high
	proficiency NS participants��� performance was as good as the NE group���s
	for words from sparse neighborhoods, but not for words from dense
	neighborhoods. These results are discussed in relation to the development
	of phonological representations of L2 words.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/ImaiWalleyFlege2005.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.15}
}

@BOOK{IPA,
  title = {Handbook of the International Phonetic Association},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  author = {{International Phonetic Association}},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.08}
}

@ARTICLE{Isel2003,
  author = {Isel, Fr\'ederic and Thomas C. Gunter and Angela D. Friederici},
  title = {Prosody-Assisted Head-Driven Access to Spoken {G}erman Compounds},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {277-288},
  number = {2},
  keywords = {Isel, Frederic, Thomas C. and Angela D.}
}

@ARTICLE{Jacobs1991,
  author = {Jacobs, Robert A. and Jordan, Michael I. and Barto, Andrew G.},
  title = {Task decomposition through competition in a modular connectionist
	architecture: The what and where vision tasks},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {219--250},
  number = {2},
  abstract = {A novel modular connectionist architecture is presented in which the
	networks composing the architecture compete to learn the training
	patterns. An outcome of the competition is that different networks
	learn different training patterns and, thus, learn to compute different
	functions. The architecture performs task decomposition in the sense
	that it learns to partition a task into two or more functionally
	independent tasks and allocates distinct networks to learn each task.
	In addition, the architecture tends to allocate to each task the
	network whose topology is most appropriate to that task. The architecture's
	performance on "what" and "where" vision tasks is presented and compared
	with the performance of two multilayer networks. Finally, it is noted
	that function decomposition is an underconstrained problem, and,
	thus, different modular architectures may decompose a function in
	different ways. A desirable decomposition can be achieved if the
	architecture is suitably restricted in the types of functions that
	it can compute. Finding appropriate restrictions is possible through
	the application of domain knowledge. A strength of the modular architecture
	is that its structure is well suited for incorporating domain knowledge.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/JacobsJordanBarto1991.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.14}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Johnson1997,
  author = {Keith Johnson},
  title = {Speech perception without speaker normalization: An exemplar model},
  booktitle = {Talker Variability in Speech Processing},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Keith Johnson and J.W. Mullennix},
  address = {San Diego},
  keywords = {Johnson, exemplar}
}

@ARTICLE{deJong2000,
  author = {Nivja H. de Jong and Robert Schreuder and R. Harald Baayen},
  title = {The morphological family size effect and morphology},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {V15},
  pages = {329--365},
  number = {4},
  month = aug,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/deJongSchreuderBaayen2000.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960050119625}
}

@ARTICLE{Krott2006,
  author = {Krott, A. and Baayen, R. H. and Hagoort, P.},
  title = {The nature of anterior negativities caused by misapplications of
	morphological rules},
  journal = {Journal Of Cognitive Neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {1616--1630},
  number = {10},
  month = oct,
  af = {Krott, AndreaEOLEOLBaayen, R. HaraldEOLEOLHagoort, Peter},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/KrottBaayenHagoort2006.pdf},
  sn = {0898-929X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.06},
  ut = {ISI:000241278500002}
}

@BOOK{Kucera1967,
  title = {Computational Analysis of Present Day American {E}nglish},
  publisher = {Brown University Press},
  year = {1967},
  author = {Ku{\v c}era, F. and Francis, W.},
  address = {Providence},
  keywords = {Kucera, F., and Francis, W. }
}

@INCOLLECTION{Lahiri2002,
  author = {Aditi Lahiri and Henning Reetz},
  title = {Underspecified Recognition},
  booktitle = {Papers in Laboratory Phonology 7},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Carlos Gussenhoven, Natasha Warner and Toni Rietveld},
  address = {New York},
  keywords = {Lahiri Reetz FUL}
}

@ARTICLE{Laine1999,
  author = {Laine, M and S. Vainio and J. Hy\"on\"a},
  title = {Lexical access routes to nouns in a morphologically rich language},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {109-135},
  keywords = {Laine, M, S. and J. Hyona}
}

@MISC{Lenzo1998,
  author = {Lenzo, K.},
  title = {Text-to-phoneme converter builder software},
  year = {1998},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.19},
  url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lenzo/t2p/}
}

@ARTICLE{Lorch1990,
  author = {Lorch, Robert F. and Myers, Jerome L.},
  title = {Regression analyses of repeated measures data in cognitive research.},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {149--157},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Repeated measures designs involving nonorthogonal variables are being
	used with increasing frequency in cognitive psychology. Researchers
	usually analyze the data from such designs inappropriately, probably
	because the designs are not discussed in standard textbooks on regression.
	Two commonly used approaches to analyzing repeated measures designs
	are considered in this article. It is argued that both approaches
	use inappropriate error terms for testing the effects of independent
	variables. A more appropriate analysis is presented, and two alternative
	computational procedures for the analysis are illustrated. (PsycINFO
	Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)},
  comment = {Accession Number: xlm-16-1-149. First Author & Affiliation: Lorch,
	Robert F.; U Kentucky, Lexington, US. Release Date: 19900401. Publication
	Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s):
	Cognitive Psychology; Experimentation; Repeated Measures; Statistical
	Regression. Minor Descriptor(s): Methodology. Classification: Cognitive
	Processes (2340); Population: Human (10); . References Available:
	Y.},
  issn = {0278-7393},
  keywords = {regression analyses of repeated measures data in cognitive psychology
	research, Cognitive Psychology, Experimentation, Repeated Measures,
	Statistical Regression, Methodology},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/LorchMyers1990.pdf},
  publisher = {American Psychological Assn},
  timestamp = {2007.01.02},
  url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=xlm-16-1-149&site=ehost-live}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Luce1986,
  author = {Paul Luce},
  title = {Neighborhoods of words in the mental lexicon},
  school = {Indiana University},
  year = {1986},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2006.10.09}
}

@ARTICLE{Luce1998,
  author = {Luce, Paul and David Pisoni},
  title = {Recognizing spoken words: The neighborhood activation model},
  journal = {Ear and Hearing},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {1-36},
  keywords = { NAM Luce Pisoni},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/Classes/Linguistics/Ling812-Perception/LucePisoni1998.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Munte1999,
  author = {M\"unte, Thomas F and Tessa Say and Harald Clahsen and Kolja Schiltz
	and Marta Kutas},
  title = {Decomposition of morphologically complex words in {E}nglish: evidence
	from event-related brain potentials},
  journal = {Cognitive Brain Research},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {241 - 253},
  keywords = {Munte, Thomas F and Tessa Say, Harald Clahsen, Kolja Schiltz and Marta
	Kutas},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/MunteEtAl1999.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{MacWhinney1991,
  author = {MacWhinney, Brian and Leinbach, Jared},
  title = {Implementations are not conceptualizations: Revising the verb learning
	model},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {121--157},
  number = {1-2},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {In a recent issue of this journal, Pinker and Prince (1988) and Lachter
	and Bever (1988) presented detailed critiques of Rumelhart and McClelland's
	(1986) connectionist model of the child's learning of the phonological
	form of the English past tense. In order to address these criticisms,
	a new connectionist model was constructed using the back-propagation
	algorithm, a larger input corpus, a fuller paradigm, and a new phonological
	representation. This new implementation successfully addressed the
	criticisms of the phonological representation used by Rumelhart and
	McClelland. It did a much better job of learning the past tense using
	a fuller input set with realistic frequencies of occurrence. Ancillary
	simulations using the same network were able to deal with the homonymy
	problem and the generation of forms like "ated" from "ate". The one
	feature not provided by the new model was a way of modeling early
	correct production of irregular forms. The success of the new model
	can be used to help clarify the extent to which the published critiques
	apply to a particular connectionist implementation as opposed to
	fundamental principles underlying the broader connectionist conceptualization.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/MacWhinneyLeinbach1991.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13}
}

@ARTICLE{Marcus1995,
  author = {Marcus, G. F. and Brinkman, U. and Clahsen, H. and Wiese, R. and
	Pinker, S.},
  title = {German inflection: The exception that proves the rule},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {189--256},
  number = {3},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Language is often explained as the product of generative rules and
	a memorized lexicon. For example, most English verbs take a regular
	past tense suffix (ask-asked), which is applied to new verbs (faxed,
	wugged), suggesting the mental rule ''add-ed to a Verb.'' Irregular
	verbs (break-broke, go-went) would be listed in memory. Alternatively,
	a pattern associator memory (such as a connectionist network) might
	record all past tense forms and generalize to new ones by similarity;
	irregular and regular patterns would differ only because of their
	different numbers of verbs. We present evidence that mental rules
	are indispensible. A rule concatenates a suffix to a symbol for verbs,
	so it does not require access to memorized verbs or their sound patterns,
	but applies as the ''default,'' whenever memory access fails. We
	find 21 such circumstances for regular past tense formation, including
	novel, unusual-sounding, and rootless and headless derived words;
	in every case, people inflect them regularly (explaining quirks like
	flied out, sabre-tooths, walkmans). Contrary to the connectionist
	account, these effects are not due to regular words constituting
	a large majority of vocabulary. The German participle -t applies
	to a much smaller percentage of verbs than its English counterpart,
	and the German plural -s applies to a small minority of nouns. Bur
	the affixes behave in the language like their English counterparts,
	as defaults. We corroborate this effect in two experiments eliciting
	ratings of participle and plural forms of novel German words. Thus
	default suffixation is not due to numerous regular words reinforcing
	a pattern in associative memory. Because default cases do not occupy
	a cohesive similarity space, but do correspond to the range of a
	symbol, they are evidence for a memory-independent, symbol-concatenating
	mental operation},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/MarcusBrinkmannClahsenWiesePinker1995.pdf},
  sn = {0010-0285},
  timestamp = {2007.02.11},
  ut = {ISI:A1995TM28500001}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Marian1999,
  author = {Marian, V. and Spivey, M.},
  title = {Activation of {R}ussian and {E}nglish cohorts during bilingual spoken
	word recognition },
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science
	Society},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {349-354},
  address = {Mahwah, NJ},
  publisher = {Erlbaum},
  keywords = {marian spivey}
}

@ARTICLE{Marslen-Wilson2001,
  author = {Marslen-Wilson, William},
  title = {Access to lexical representations: Cross-linguistic issues},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {699-708},
  number = {5/6},
  keywords = {Marslen-Wilson, William},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Marslen-Wilson2001.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Marslen-Wilson1994,
  author = {Marslen-Wilson, William and Lorraine K. Tyler and Rachelle Waksler
	and Lianne Older},
  title = {Morphology and meaning in the {E}nglish mental lexicon},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {101},
  pages = {3-33},
  keywords = {Marslen-Wilson}
}

@ARTICLE{Marslen-Wilson1989,
  author = {Marslen-Wilson, William and Pienie Zwitser\-lood},
  title = {Accessing Spoken Words: The Importance of Word Onsets},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {576-585},
  number = {3},
  keywords = {Marslen-Wilson, William and Pienie Zwitserlood}
}

@ARTICLE{Martin2004,
  author = {Martin, Fermin Moscoso del Prado and Kostic, Aleksandar and Baayen,
	R. Harald},
  title = {Putting the bits together: an information theoretical perspective
	on morphological processing},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {94},
  pages = {1--18},
  number = {1},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {In this study we introduce an information-theoretical formulation
	of the emergence of type- and token-based effects in morphological
	processing. We describe a probabilistic measure of the informational
	complexity of a word, its information residual, which encompasses
	the combined influences of the amount of information contained by
	the target word and the amount of information carried by its nested
	morphological paradigms. By means of re-analyses of previously published
	data on Dutch words we show that the information residual outperforms
	the combination of traditional token- and type-based counts in predicting
	response latencies in visual lexical decision, and at the same time
	provides a parsimonious account of inflectional, derivational, and
	compounding processes.},
  keywords = {Inflection, Derivation, Compound, Morphology, Information theory,
	Lexical decision},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T24-4C4X2C5-1/2/d88949c7cd3de31445656da63c1d1cbb}
}

@ARTICLE{McClelland1988,
  author = {McClelland, James L.},
  title = {Connectionist models and psychological evidence},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {107--123},
  number = {2},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {In this article I review the connectionist framework for modeling
	psychological processes, and I examine the role of connectionist
	models in empirical psychology. I illustrate how modeling can reveal
	the empirical implications of general principles, and I point out
	that the connectionist framework is particularly apt for formalizing
	certain proposed processing principles. The framework has led to
	the discovery of new classes of explanations for basic findings;
	it has led to unified accounts of disparate or contradictory phenomena;
	and it has shed light on the relevance of certain types of evidence
	for basic questions about the nature of the processing system.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/McClelland1988.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.14},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WK4-4D62K31-5M/2/c289e7eb53f8187ca46ec4d12f403260}
}

@ARTICLE{McClellandElman,
  author = {McClelland, J. L. and J. L. Elman},
  title = {The TRACE model of spoken word recognition},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {1-86},
  keywords = {McClelland, J. and J.}
}

@ARTICLE{McClelland2002,
  author = {McClelland, James L. and Patterson, Karalyn},
  title = {Rules or connections in past-tense inflections: what does the evidence
	rule out?},
  journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {465--472},
  number = {11},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Pinker and colleagues propose two mechanisms - a rule system and a
	lexical memory - to form past tenses and other inflections. They
	predict that children's acquisition of the regular inflection is
	sudden; that the regular inflection applies uniformly regardless
	of phonological, semantic or other factors; and that the rule system
	is separably vulnerable to disruption. A connectionist account makes
	the opposite predictions. Pinker has taken existing evidence as support
	for his theory, but the review of the evidence presented here contradicts
	this assessment. Instead, it supports all three connectionist predictions:
	gradual acquisition of the past tense inflection; graded sensitivity
	to phonological and semantic content; and a single, integrated mechanism
	for regular and irregular forms, dependent jointly on phonology and
	semantics.},
  keywords = {Rules, Connectionist Models, Parallel-Distributed Processing, Langauge
	Processing, Past Tense, Inflectional Morphology},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/McClelland2002.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.11},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VH9-4777Y0F-D/2/698e13cee7eec7f957060cc0ef95d656}
}

@ARTICLE{Meador2000,
  author = {Diane Meador and James E. Flege and Ian R. A. Mackay},
  title = {Factors affecting the recognition of words in a second language},
  journal = {Bilingualism: Language and Cognition},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {55-67},
  abstract = {This study examined the recognition of English words by groups of
	native speakers of Italian who differed in age of arrival in Canada
	and amount of continued native language use. The dependent variable
	was the number of words correctly repeated in English sentences presented
	in noise. Significantly higher word recognition scores were obtained
	for early than late bilinguals, and for early bilinguals who used
	Italian seldom than for early bilinguals who used Italian relatively
	often. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that the native
	Italian participants' ability to perceive English vowels and consonants
	accounted for a significant amount of variance in the word-recognition
	scores independently of age of arrival, amount of L1 use, and length
	of residence in Canada. The native language use effect was interpreted
	to have arisen from differences in the extent to which the early
	bilinguals' Italian phonetic system influenced the representations
	they developed for English vowels and consonants},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/MeadorFlegeMackay2000.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.15}
}

@ARTICLE{Moon1994,
  author = {Seung-Jae Moon and Bjorn Lindblom},
  title = {Interaction between duration, context, and speaking style in English
	stressed vowels},
  journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {96},
  pages = {40-55},
  number = {1},
  keywords = {VOWELS; SPEECH; TIMING PROPERTIES},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/MoonLindblom1997.pdf},
  publisher = {ASA}
}

@ARTICLE{Murphy2004,
  author = {Murphy, V. A.},
  title = {Dissociable systems in second language inflectional morphology},
  journal = {Studies In Second Language Acquisition},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {433--459},
  number = {3},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {Pinker and Prince (1988) argued that two dissociable systems underlie
	the development of linguistic representations: one rule governed
	and the other associative. These two dissociable systems of representation
	and processing are claimed to be a linguistic universal (Pinker,
	1999). Therefore, one should expect that nonnative speakers of a
	language also manifest the same kinds of dissociations in performance
	between rule-based and associative features of language as native
	speakers. The study reported here extends the work of Prasada and
	Pinker (1993) into the second language (L2) domain to test whether
	nonnative speakers (a) perform similarly to native speakers and (b)
	dissociate rule-based from associative features of language. In Prasada
	and Pinker, the degree of similarity between a nonce verb and a real
	English verb influenced past-tense generalizations on nonce irregular
	verbs but did not influence generalizations on nonce regular verbs.
	In the experiment reported here, first language (L1) and L2 participants
	of different ages and language groups were compared or the same task
	as that used by Prasada and Pinker. Participants overall produced
	more verbs with a past-tense suffix for nonce regular items than
	for the nonce irregular items. Significant group effects indicate
	that participants' varying levels of experience with English play
	an important role in their past-tense productions of nonce verbs.
	Furthermore, similarity influenced both the regular and irregular
	verbs on a production task. These results are discussed in terms
	of whether there are two dissociable systems underlying L2 linguistic
	knowledge and whether an alternative single associative learning
	mechanism could be responsible for the development of the system
	of regular and irregular inflectional morphology in both L1 and L2
	learning.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Murphy2004.pdf},
  sn = {0272-2631},
  timestamp = {2007.02.10},
  ut = {ISI:000224743300003}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Nakisa2001,
  author = {Nakisa, R. C. and Plunkett, K. and Hahn, U.},
  title = { A cross-linguistic comparison of single and dual-route models of
	inflectional morphology},
  booktitle = {Models of language acquisition: inductive and deductive approaches},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {2001},
  editor = {P. Broeder and J. Murre},
  address = {Cambridge, MA},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Nearey2004,
  author = {Nearey, Terrance},
  title = {On the Factorability of Phonological Units in Speech Perception},
  booktitle = {Laboratory Phonology 6},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2004},
  editor = {John Local and Richard Ogden and Rosalind Temple},
  address = {Cambridge},
  keywords = {Nearey, Terrance}
}

@UNPUBLISHED{NeareySimulate,
  author = {Nearey, Terrance},
  title = {The factorability of phonological units in speech perception: Simulating
	results on speech reception in noise},
  note = {In R. Smyth (ed.) A festschrift for Bruce Derwing},
  year = {in press},
  keywords = {Nearey, Terrance}
}

@ARTICLE{Newman1997,
  author = {Newman, Rochelle S. and James R. Sawusch and Paul A. Luce},
  title = {Lexical Neighborhood Effects in Phonetic Processing},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {873- 889},
  number = {1},
  keywords = {Newman, Rochelle S, James R. and Paul A.},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/Classes/Linguistics/Ling812-Perception/Newman1997.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Nittrouer1990,
  author = {Nittrouer, S. and Boothroyd, A.},
  title = {Context effects in phoneme and word recognition by young children
	and older adults},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1990},
  volume = {87},
  pages = {2705-2715},
  keywords = {boothroyd, nittrouer, age}
}

@ARTICLE{Norris2000,
  author = {Norris, Dennis and James M. McQueen and Anne Cutler},
  title = {Merging information in speech: Feedback is never necessary},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {299-370},
  keywords = {Norris, Dennis, James M. McQueen and Anne Cutler}
}

@TECHREPORT{Nusbaum1984,
  author = {Nusbaum, H. C. and Pisoni, D. B. and Davis, C. K. },
  title = {Sizing up the Hoosier mental lexicon: Measuring the familiarity of
	20 000 words},
  institution = {Speech Research Laboratory, Psychology Department, Indiana University,
	Bloomington},
  year = {1984},
  type = {Research on Speech Perception Progress Report No. 10 },
  number = {10},
  keywords = {hoosier mental lexicon}
}

@ARTICLE{Nygaard1998,
  author = {Nygaard, L. C. and Pisoni, D. B.},
  title = {Talker-specific learning in speech perception},
  journal = {Perception and Psychophysics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {335--376},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.15}
}

@ARTICLE{Nygaard1994,
  author = {Nygaard, L. C. and Sommers, M. C. and Pisoni, David. B.},
  title = {Speech perception as a talker-contingent process},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {42--46},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.15}
}

@ARTICLE{Olsen1997,
  author = {Olsen, Wayne and Dianne Van Tasell and Charles Speaks},
  title = {Phoneme and word recognition for words in isolation and sentences},
  journal = {Ear and Hearing},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {175-188},
  number = {3},
  keywords = {Olsen, Wayne, Dianne Van Tasell and Charles Speaks},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/OlsenEtAl1997.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Pallier2001,
  author = {Pallier,Christophe and Colome,Angels and Sebastian-Galles,Nuria},
  title = {The Influence of Native-language Phonology on Lexical Access: Exemplar-Based
	Versus Abstract Lexical Entries},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {445-449},
  number = {6},
  abstract = {This study used medium-term auditory repetition priming to investigate
	word-recognition processes. Highly fluent Catalan-Spanish bilinguals
	whose first language was either Catalan or Spanish were tested in
	a lexical decision task involving Catalan words and nonwords. Spanish-dominant
	individuals, but not Catalan-dominant individuals, exhibited repetition
	priming for minimal pairs differing in only one feature that is nondistinctive
	in Spanish (e.g., /net@/ vs. /nEt@/), thereby indicating that they
	processed these words as homophones. This finding provides direct
	evidence both that word recognition uses a language-specific phonological
	representation and that lexical entries are stored in the mental
	lexicon as abstract forms.},
  doi = {10.1111/1467-9280.00383},
  eprint = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-9280.00383},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/PallierColomeSebastian-Galles2001.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Penke2002,
  author = {Penke, M. and Krause, M.},
  title = {German noun plurals: A challenge to the Dual-Mechanism Model},
  journal = {Brain And Language},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {303--311},
  number = {1-3},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {In this article, the authors test one of the central claims of the
	Dual-Mechanism Model (Pinker & Prince, 1994), that is, that regular
	inflection equals default inflection. Based on results from an elicitation
	task with eight agrammatic Broca's aphasics and a lexical decision
	task with unimpaired subjects, the authors show that this assumption
	is not borne out. Their data on German plural inflection rather indicate
	that regular inflection is not necessarily identical to default inflection.
	To capture the German data. they have to assume regular but input-restricted
	inflection besides regular default inflection.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/PenkeKrause2002.pdf},
  sn = {0093-934X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.11},
  ut = {ISI:000175771500026}
}

@ARTICLE{Perea1998,
  author = {Perea, Manuel and Carreiras, Manuel},
  title = {Effects of syllable frequency and syllable neighborhood frequency
	in visual word recognition.},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {134--144},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Three experiments were carried out to analyze the role of syllable
	frequency in lexical decision and naming. The results show inhibitory
	effects of syllable frequency in the lexical decision task for both
	high- and low-frequency words. In contrast, the effect of syllable
	frequency is facilitatory in the naming task. A post hoc analysis
	revealed the important role played by the number of higher frequency
	syllabic neighbors (words that share a syllable with the target)
	in the lexical decision task and the role of the frequency of the
	first syllable in the naming task. Experiment 3 manipulated the neighborhood
	syllable frequency directly by comparing words with few higher frequency
	syllabic neighbors and words with many higher frequency syllabic
	neighbors in the lexical decision task; an inhibitory neighborhood
	syllable frequency effect was found. The results are interpreted
	in terms of current models of visual word recognition and word naming.
	(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (from
	the journal abstract)},
  comment = {Accession Number: xhp-24-1-134. First Author & Affiliation: Perea,
	Manuel; U de Val����ncia, Facultat de Psicologia, Area de Metodologia,
	Val����ncia, Spain. Release Date: 19980401. Publication Type: Journal,
	Peer Reviewed Journal. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s): Lexical
	Decision; Orthography; Syllables; Word Frequency; Word Recognition.
	Minor Descriptor(s): Naming; Words (Phonetic Units). Classification:
	Cognitive Processes (2340); Population: Human (10); Location: Spain.
	Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29
	yrs) (320); . Methodology: Empirical Study. References Available:
	Y.},
  issn = {0096-1523},
  keywords = {syllable frequency & number & frequency of orthographic neighbors
	of high- vs low-frequency words, lexical decision & word naming,
	college students, Spain, Lexical Decision, Orthography, Syllables,
	Word Frequency, Word Recognition, Naming, Words (Phonetic Units)},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/pereaCarreiras1998.pdf},
  publisher = {American Psychological Assn},
  timestamp = {2007.01.09}
}

@ARTICLE{PetersonBarney,
  author = {G. E. Peter\-son and H. L. Barney},
  title = {Control methods used in a study of the vowels},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1952},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {175-184},
  keywords = {Peterson and Barney}
}

@ARTICLE{Pinker1988,
  author = {Pinker, Steven and Prince, Alan},
  title = {On language and connectionism: Analysis of a parallel distributed
	processing model of language acquisition},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {73--193},
  number = {1-2},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Does knowledge of language consist of mentally-represented rules?
	Rumelhart and McClelland have described a connectionist (parallel
	distributed processing) model of the acquisition of the past tense
	in English which successfully maps many stems onto their past tense
	forms, both regular (walk/walked) and irregular (go/went), and which
	mimics some of the errors and sequences of development of children.
	Yet the model contains no explicit rules, only a set of neuronstyle
	units which stand for trigrams of phonetic features of the stem,
	a set of units which stand for trigrams of phonetic features of the
	past form, and an array of connections between the two sets of units
	whose strengths are modified during learning. Rumelhart and McClelland
	conclude that linguistic rules may be merely convenient approximate
	fictions and that the real causal processes in language use and acquisition
	must be characterized as the transfer of activation levels among
	units and the modification of the weights of their connections. We
	analyze both the linguistic and the developmental assumptions of
	the model in detail and discover that (1) it cannot represent certain
	words, (2) it cannot learn many rules, (3) it can learn rules found
	in no human language, (4) it cannot explain morphological and phonological
	regularities, (5) it cannot explain the differences between irregular
	and regular forms, (6) it fails at its assigned task of mastering
	the past tense of English, (7) it gives an incorrect explanation
	for two developmental phenomena: stages of overregularization of
	irregular forms such as bringed, and the appearance of doubly-marked
	forms such as ated and (8) it gives accounts of two others (infrequent
	overregularization of verbs ending in t/d, and the order of acquisition
	of different irregular subclasses) that are indistinguishable from
	those of rule-based theories. In addition, we show how many failures
	of the model can be attributed to its connectionist architecture.
	We conclude that connectionists' claims about the dispensability
	of rules in explanations in the psychology of language must be rejected,
	and that, on the contrary, the linguistic and developmental facts
	provide good evidence for such rules.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/PinkerPrince1988.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.11}
}

@ARTICLE{Pinker2002reply,
  author = {Pinker, S. and Ullman, M.},
  title = {Combination and structure, not gradedness, is the issue - Reply to
	McClelland and Patterson},
  journal = {Trends In Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {472--474},
  number = {11},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {We defend the theory that irregular past-tense forms are stored in
	the lexicon, a division of declarative memory, whereas regular inflection
	is rule-driven and based in grammatical processing. This dual-mechanism
	approach differs from single-system connectionist approaches, which
	fail to capture all the data.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/PinkerUllman2002reply.pdf},
  sn = {1364-6613},
  timestamp = {2007.02.11},
  ut = {ISI:000179170000011}
}

@ARTICLE{Pinker2002,
  author = {Pinker, S. and Ullman, M. T.},
  title = {The past and future of the past tense},
  journal = {Trends In Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {456--463},
  number = {11},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {What is the interaction between storage and computation in language
	processing? What is the psychological status of grammatical rules?
	What are the relative strengths of connectionist and symbolic models
	of cognition? How are the components of language implemented in the
	brain? The English past tense has served as an arena for debates
	on these issues. We defend the theory that irregular past-tense forms
	are stored in the lexicon, a division of declarative memory, whereas
	regular forms can be computed by a concatenation rule, which requires
	the procedural system. Irregulars have the psychological, linguistic
	and neuropsychological signatures of lexical memory, whereas regulars
	often have the signatures of grammatical processing. Furthermore,
	because regular inflection is rule-driven, speakers can apply it
	whenever memory fails.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/PinkerUllman2002.pdf},
  sn = {1364-6613},
  timestamp = {2007.02.11},
  ut = {ISI:000179170000008}
}

@ARTICLE{Plaut2000a,
  author = {Plaut, David C. and Gonnerman, Laura M.},
  title = {Are non-semantic morphological effects incompatible with a distributed
	connectionist approach to lexical processing?},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {445--485},
  number = {4 - 5},
  month = aug,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Plaut2000.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.12.13},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960050119661}
}

@ARTICLE{Plunkett1991,
  author = {Plunkett, Kim and Marchman, Virginia},
  title = {U-shaped learning and frequency effects in a multi-layered perception:
	Implications for child language acquisition},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {43--102},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {A three-layer back-propagation network is used to implement a pattern
	association task in which four types of mapping are learned. These
	mappings, which are considered analogous to those which characterize
	the relationship between the stem and past tense forms of English
	verbs, include arbitrary mappings, identity mappings, vowel changes,
	and additions of a suffix. The degree of correspondence between parallel
	distributed processing (PDP) models which learn mappings of this
	sort (e.g., Rumelhart & McClelland, 1986, 1987) and children's acquisition
	of inflectional morphology has recently been at issue in discussions
	of the applicability of PDP models to the study of human cognition
	and language (Pinker & Mehler, 1989; Bever, in press). In this paper,
	we explore the capacity of a network to learn these types of mappings,
	focusing on three major issues. First, we compare the performance
	of a single-layered perceptron similar to the one used by Rumerlhart
	and McClelland with a multi-layered perceptron. The results suggest
	that it is unlikely that a single-layered perceptron is capable of
	finding an adequate solution to the problem of mapping stems and
	past tense forms in input configurations that are sufficiently analogous
	to English. Second, we explore the input conditions which determine
	learning in these networks. Several factors that characterize linguistic
	input are investigated: (a) the nature of the mapping performed by
	the network (arbitrary, suffixation, identity, and vowel change);
	(b) the competition effects that arise when the task demands simultaneous
	learning of distinct mapping types; (c) the role of the type and
	token frequency of verb stems; and (d) the influence of phonological
	subregularities in the irregular verbs. Each of these factors is
	shown to have selective consequences on both successful and erroneous
	performance in the network. Third, we outline several types of systems
	which could result in U-shaped acquisition, and discuss the ways
	in which learning in multi-layered networks can be seen to capture
	several characteristics of U-shaped learning in children. In general,
	these models provide information about the role of input in determining
	the kinds of errors that a network will produce, including the conditions
	under which rule-like behavior and U-shaped learning will and will
	not emerge. The results from all simulations are discussed in light
	of behavioral data on children's acquisition of the past tense and
	the validity of drawing conclusions about the acquisition of language
	from models of this sort.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/PlunkettMarchman1991.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.14}
}

@ARTICLE{Pothos2005,
  author = {Pothos, E. M.},
  title = {The rules versus similarity distinction},
  journal = {Behavioral And Brain Sciences},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {1--+},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {The distinction between rules and similarity is central to our understanding
	of much of cognitive psychology. Two aspects of existing research
	have motivated the present work. First, in different cognitive psychology
	areas we typically see different conceptions of rules and similarity;
	for example, rules in language appear to be of a different kind compared
	to rules in categorization. Second, rules processes are typically
	modeled as separate from similarity ones; for example, in a learning
	experiment, rules and similarity influences would be described on
	the basis of separate models. in the present article, I assume that
	the rules versus similarity distinction can be understood in the
	same way in learning, reasoning, categorization, and language, and
	that a unified model for rules and similarity is appropriate. A rules
	process is considered to be a similarity one where only a single
	or a small subset of an object's properties are involved. Hence,
	rules and overall similarity operations are extremes in a single
	continuum of similarity operations. It is argued that this viewpoint
	allows adequate coverage of theory and empirical findings in learning,
	reasoning, categorization, and language, and also a reassessment
	of the objectives in research on rules versus similarity.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Pothos2005.pdf},
  sn = {0140-525X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.06},
  ut = {ISI:000229944100001}
}

@ARTICLE{Prasada1993,
  author = {Prasada, S. and Pinker, S},
  title = {Generalization of regular and irregular morphological patterns},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {1--56},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13}
}

@ARTICLE{Prince1988,
  author = {Prince, Alan and Pinker, Steven},
  title = {Rules and connections in human language},
  journal = {Trends in Neurosciences},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {195--202},
  number = {5},
  abstract = {Recently `connectionist' or `parallel distributed processing' (PDP)
	approaches to brain modelling have attracted an enormous amount of
	attention. These models are said to be faithful to neurophysiological
	and to behavioral data in a way that previous approaches based on
	symbolic computation were not. A PDP simulation by Rumelhart and
	McClelland of children's acquisition of the past tense in English
	has been one of the most famous demonstrations of the advantages
	of the connectionist approach. In a recent special issue of the journal
	Cognition devoted to Connectionism and Symbol Systems, Steven Pinker
	and Alan Prince examine this model and the relevant data in great
	detail, finding severe limitations in the ability of current PDP
	models to explain human language and cognition. The key points of
	their analysis are summarised in the following article.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/PrasadaPinker1993.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.11},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T0V-482YFJR-2J/2/2f7474e120061a838a5d449ec45fcb28}
}

@ARTICLE{Prince1988wickel,
  author = {Prince, Alan and Pinker, Steven},
  title = {Wickelphone ambiguity},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {189--190},
  number = {2},
  month = nov,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/PrincePinker1988wickelphone.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.11},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T24-45Y1213-16/2/8ee5c0c5f3f54e7d2c3bdc49c4660d91}
}

@ARTICLE{Ramscar2002,
  author = {Ramscar, M.},
  title = {The role of meaning in inflection: Why the past tense does not require
	a rule},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {45--94},
  number = {1},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {How do we produce the past tenses of verbs? For the last 20 years
	this question has been the focal domain for conflicting theories
	of language, knowledge representation, and cognitive processing.
	On one side of the debate have been similarity-based or single-route
	approaches that propose that all past tenses are formed simply through
	phonological analogies to existing past tenses stored in memory.
	On the other side of the debate are rule-based or dual-route approaches
	which agree that phonological analogy is important for producing
	irregular past tenses (e.g., think 7 thought), but argue that regular
	past tenses (e.g., walk --> walked) are generated via a +ed rule
	and that a principled account of regular inflection can only be given
	by recourse to explicit rules. This debate has become a crucial battleground
	for arguments concerning the necessity and importance of abstract
	mental rules, embracing not only language processing, but also the
	of nature cognition itself. However, in centering on the roles of
	phonological similarity and rules, the past tense debate has largely
	ignored the possible role of semantics in determining inflection.
	This paper presents five studies that demonstrate a striking and
	decisive role of semantic similarity in inflection. In fact, semantic
	factors appear to be more important in inflection than the grammatical
	considerations put forward by the dual-route account. Further, these
	new findings provide a new way of discriminating between the claims
	of single-route (similarity-based) and dual-route (rule-based) approaches.
	It appears that inflection is carried out through analogical reminding
	based on semantic and phonological similarity and that a rule-based
	route is not necessary to account for past tense inflection.},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Ramscar2002.pdf},
  sn = {0010-0285},
  timestamp = {2007.02.10},
  ut = {ISI:000177350700002}
}

@ARTICLE{Redford1999,
  author = {Redford, Melissa A and Randy L.},
  title = {The relative perceptual distinctiveness of initial and final consonants
	in CVC syllables},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1999},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {1555-1565},
  number = {3},
  keywords = {Redford, Melissa A and Randy L.}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Reid2001,
  author = {Reid, A.},
  title = {The combinatorial lexicon: Psycholinguistic studies of Polish morphology.},
  school = {Birkbeck College, University of London.},
  year = {2001},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Rumelhart1986,
  author = {David E. Rumelhart and James L. McClelland},
  title = {On learning the past tenses of English verbs},
  booktitle = {Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure
	of Cognition},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {James L. McLelland and David E. Rumelhart},
  volume = {2},
  chapter = {18},
  pages = {216--271},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.12}
}

@ARTICLE{Samuel1981,
  author = {Samuel, Arthur G},
  title = {Phonemic Restoration: Insights From a New Methodology},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {110},
  pages = {474-494},
  number = {4},
  keywords = {Samuel, Arthur G}
}

@ARTICLE{Schreuder1997,
  author = {Schreuder, R. and Baayen, R. H.},
  title = {How complex simplex words can be},
  journal = {Journal Of Memory And Language},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {118--139},
  number = {1},
  month = jul,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/SchreuderBaayen1997.pdf},
  sn = {0749-596X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09},
  ut = {ISI:A1997XG92100006}
}

@ARTICLE{Schreuder1994,
  author = {Schreuder, R. and Baayen, R. Harald.},
  title = {Prefix Stripping Re-Revisited},
  journal = {Journal Of Memory And Language},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {357--375},
  number = {1},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/SchreuderBaayen1994.pdf},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09}
}

@ARTICLE{Schroeder1968,
  author = {Schroeder, M.},
  title = {Reference signal for signal quality studies},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1968},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {1735--1736},
  keywords = {Schroeder, M.}
}

@ARTICLE{Seidenberg1989,
  author = {Seidenberg, Mark S. and McClelland, James L.},
  title = {A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {96},
  pages = {523--568},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {The model described consists of sets of orthographic and phonological
	units and an interlevel of hidden units. Weights on connections between
	units were modified during a training phase using the back-propagation
	learning algorithm. The model simulates many aspects of human performance,
	including (a) differences between words in terms of processing difficulty,
	(b) pronunciation of novel items, (c) differences between readers
	in terms of word recognition skill, (d) transitions from beginning
	to skilled reading, and (e) differences in performance on lexical
	decisions and naming tasks. The model's behavior early in the learning
	phase corresponds to that of children acquiring word recognition
	skills. Training with a smaller number of hidden units produces output
	characteristic of many dyslexic readers. Naming is simulated without
	pronunciation rules, and lexical decisions are simulated without
	assessing word-level representations. The performance of the model
	is largely determined by three factors: the nature of the input,
	a significant fragment of written English; the learning rule, which
	encodes the implicit structure of the orthography in the weights
	on connections; and the architecture of the system, which influences
	the scope of what can be learned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006
	APA, all rights reserved)},
  comment = {Accession Number: rev-96-4-523. First Author & Affiliation: Seidenberg,
	Mark S.; McGill U, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Release Date: 19900201.
	Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal. Language: English.
	Major Descriptor(s): Language Development; Models; Naming; Word Recognition.
	Minor Descriptor(s): Reading. Classification: Cognitive Processes
	(2340); Population: Human (10); . References Available: Y.},
  issn = {0033-295X},
  keywords = {model of word recognition & naming, language development & reading,
	Language Development, Models, Naming, Word Recognition, Reading},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/SeidenbergMcClelland1989.pdf},
  publisher = {American Psychological Assn},
  timestamp = {2007.02.14}
}

@ARTICLE{Sereno1997,
  author = {Sereno, J. and Jongman, A.},
  title = {Processing of {E}nglish inflectional morphology},
  journal = {Memory and Cognition},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {425-437},
  keywords = {Sereno, J. and Jongman A.}
}

@ARTICLE{Shannon1999,
  author = {Shannon, R.V. and Jensvold, A. and Padilla, M. and Robert, M.E. and
	Wang, X.},
  title = {Consonant recordings for speech testing},
  journal = JASA,
  year = {1999},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {L71-L74},
  number = {6},
  keywords = {Shannon}
}

@ARTICLE{Stemberger2004,
  author = {Stemberger, J. P.},
  title = {Phonological priming and irregular past},
  journal = {Journal Of Memory And Language},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {82--95},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {It has been shown that the processing of irregular past-tense forms
	is affected by phonological factors that are inherent in the relationship
	of the past-tense forms to other words in the lexicon (rhyming families
	of irregulars) or to their base forms (vowel dominance effects).
	This paper addresses more ephemeral phonological effects. In a sentence-production
	task, the vowel of the base form or past-tense form of an irregular
	verb (e.g., /i/ of freeze or /oupsilon/ of froze) is primed by an
	identical vowel in the subject noun (e.g., base vowel cream, past-tense
	vowel chrome, unrelated vowel slot). For verbs with different vowels
	in the base form and past-tense form, phonological priming of the
	base vowel or of the past-tense vowel increases the rate of overregularization
	errors such as *freezed as compared to an unrelated vowel prime.
	For verbs with the same vowel in the base and past-tense forms (e.g.,
	hit/hit), phonological printing has no effect on the rate of overregularization
	errors. It is argued that irregular forms are not produced in a specialized
	subnetwork for (irregular) past-tense forms, but are produced in
	the general lexical system simultaneous with general phonological
	processing. Implications for theories of inflectional morphology
	are discussed},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Stemberger2004.pdf},
  sn = {0749-596X},
  timestamp = {2007.02.10},
  ut = {ISI:000187570800005}
}

@ARTICLE{Stevens1989,
  author = {Kenneth N. Stevens},
  title = {On the quantal nature of speech},
  journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {3-45},
  keywords = {Stevens, quantal }
}

@INCOLLECTION{Stevens1981,
  author = {Kenneth N. Stevens and S. E. Blum\-stein},
  title = {The search for invariant acoustic correlates of phonetic features},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on the Study of Speech},
  publisher = {Erlbaum},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Elmas Miller},
  address = {Hillsdale},
  keywords = {Stevens, Blumstein invariant}
}

@ARTICLE{Taft1988,
  author = {Taft, Marcus},
  title = {A morphological decomposition model of lexical representation},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1988 },
  volume = {26},
  pages = {657-667},
  keywords = {Taft, Marcus}
}

@ARTICLE{Taft1979,
  author = {Taft, M.},
  title = {Recognition of affixed words and the word frequency effect},
  journal = {Memory \& Cognition},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {263--272},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09}
}

@ARTICLE{Taft1975,
  author = {Taft, Marcus and Kenneth Forster},
  title = {Lexical storage and retrieval of prefixed words},
  journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {638-647},
  keywords = {Taft, Marcus and Kenneth Forster}
}

@ARTICLE{Vannest2002,
  author = {Vannest, Jennifer and Raymond Bertram and Juhani J\"arvikivi and
	Jussi Niemi},
  title = {Counterintuitive Cross-Linguistic Differences: More Morphological
	Computation in {E}nglish than in {F}innish},
  journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {83-106},
  keywords = {Vannest, Jennifer, Raymond Bertram, Juhani Jarvikivi and Jussi Niemi}
}

@MISC{Vannest2006,
  author = {Jennifer Vannest and Elissa L. Newport and Daphne Bavelier},
  title = {How Frequent is a Word? Reexamining base and surface frequencies},
  howpublished = {poster presented at the Fifth International Conference on the Mental
	Lexicon},
  month = {October},
  year = {2006},
  booktitle = {poster presented at the Fifth International Conference on the Mental
	Lexicon},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/randomArticles/Vannest_ML_2006.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{Vitevitch2005,
  author = {Michael S. Vitevitch and Paul A. Luce},
  title = {Increases in phonotactic probability facilitate spoken nonword repetition},
  journal = JML,
  year = {2005},
  volume = {52},
  pages = {193-204},
  keywords = {vitevitch, luce, phonotactic probability},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/randomArticles/VitevitchLuceJML2005.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.10.24}
}

@ARTICLE{Vitevitch2004,
  author = {Michael S. Vitevitch and Paul A. Luce},
  title = {A Web-based interface to calculate phonotactic probability for words
	and nonwords in English},
  journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, \& Computers},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {481-487},
  number = {3},
  keywords = {phonotactic probability, positional frequency, vitevitch, luce, lexical
	access},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/VitevitchLuce2004phonoProb.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.09.28}
}

@ARTICLE{Vitevitch1999,
  author = {Michael S. Vitevitch and Paul A. Luce},
  title = {Probabilistic Phonotactics and Neighborhood Activation in Spoken
	Word Recognition},
  journal = JML,
  year = {1999},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {374-406},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {file://localhost/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/VitevitchAndLuce1999.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.10.24}
}

@ARTICLE{Vitevitch1998,
  author = {Michael S. Vitevitch and Paul A. Luce},
  title = {WHEN WORDS COMPETE: Levels of Processing in Perception of Spoken
	Words},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {325-329},
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {file://localhost/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/VitevitchAndLuce1998.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.10.24}
}

@ARTICLE{Weber2004,
  author = {Weber, Andrea and Anne Cutler},
  title = {Lexical competition in non- native spoken-word recognition},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {1- 25},
  keywords = {Weber, Andrea and Anne Cutler}
}

@ARTICLE{Wickelgren1969,
  author = {W. A. Wickelgren},
  title = {Context-sensitive coding, associative memory, and serial order in
	(speech) behavior},
  journal = {Psychological Review},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {76},
  pages = {1-15},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.12}
}

@ARTICLE{Wiese1986,
  author = {Richard Wiese},
  title = {Schwa and the structure of words in German},
  journal = {Linguistics},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {695-724},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.14}
}

@ARTICLE{Wijngaarden2002,
  author = {van Wijngaarden, S. J. and Steeneken, H. J. M. and Houtgast, T.},
  title = {Quantifying the intelligibility of speech in noise for non-native
	listeners},
  journal = {Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {111},
  pages = {1906--1916},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  owner = {robfelty},
  sn = {0001-4966},
  timestamp = {2007.02.03},
  ut = {ISI:000175000900039}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Wunderlich1997,
  author = {Wunderlich, Dieter},
  title = {Der unterspezifizierte {A}rtikel},
  booktitle = {Sprache im Fokus},
  publisher = {Niemeyer},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christa D\"urscheid and Karl-Heinz Ramers and Monika Schwarz},
  pages = {47-55},
  address = {T\"ubingen},
  keywords = {Wunderlich, underspecification}
}

@ARTICLE{Zhou2000,
  author = {Zhou, X. and Marslen-Wilson, W.D.},
  title = {Lexical representation of compound words: Cross-linguistic evidence},
  journal = {Psychologia},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {47--66},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13}
}

@ARTICLE{Zhou1995,
  author = {Zhou, X. and Marslen-Wilson, W.D.},
  title = {Morphological structure in the Chinese mental lexicon},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {545--601},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.13}
}

@BOOK{Zipf1935,
  title = {The psycho-biology of language: An introduction to dynamic philology},
  publisher = {Houghton Mifflin},
  year = {1935},
  author = {Zipf, G.K.},
  address = {Cambridge, MA},
  owner = {robfelty},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09}
}

@ARTICLE{Zwicky1986,
  author = {Zwicky, Arnold M.},
  title = {The general case: Basic form versus default form},
  journal = {Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {305-315},
  keywords = {Zwicky, basic , default}
}

@ARTICLE{Zwitserlood2000,
  author = {Zwitserlood, Pienie and B\"olte, Jens and Dohmes, Petra},
  title = {Morphological effects on speech production: Evidence from picture
	naming},
  journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {563--591},
  number = {4 - 5},
  month = aug,
  owner = {robfelty},
  pdf = {/Users/robfelty/RobsDocs/prospectus/articles/Zwitserlood2000.pdf},
  timestamp = {2006.12.13},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960050119706}
}

@PROCEEDINGS{Strange1995,
  title = {Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Theoretical and Methodological
	Issues},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Winifred Strange},
  address = {Timonium, MD},
  publisher = {York Press},
  keywords = {strange cross-linguistics}
}