<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% uncial.dtx
% Copyright 1999 Peter R. Wilson
%
% This program is provided under the terms of the
% LaTeX Project Public License distributed from CTAN
% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt.
%
% Author: Peter Wilson (CUA) (now at: peter.r.wilson@boeing.com)
% 
% If you do not have the docmfp package (available from CTAN in
% tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported), comment out the
% \usepackage{docmfp} line below and uncomment the line following it. 
% 
%&lt;*driver&gt;
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\usepackage{docmfp}
%%%%%% \providecommand{\DescribeVariable}[1]{} \newenvironment{routine}[1]{}{}
\EnableCrossrefs
\CodelineIndex
\setcounter{StandardModuleDepth}{1}
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{uncial.dtx}
\end{document}
%&lt;/driver&gt;
%
% \fi
%
% \CheckSum{131}
%
% \DoNotIndex{\',\.,\@M,\@@input,\@addtoreset,\@arabic,\@badmath}
% \DoNotIndex{\@centercr,\@cite}
% \DoNotIndex{\@dotsep,\@empty,\@float,\@gobble,\@gobbletwo,\@ignoretrue}
% \DoNotIndex{\@input,\@ixpt,\@m}
% \DoNotIndex{\@minus,\@mkboth,\@ne,\@nil,\@nomath,\@plus,\@set@topoint}
% \DoNotIndex{\@tempboxa,\@tempcnta,\@tempdima,\@tempdimb}
% \DoNotIndex{\@tempswafalse,\@tempswatrue,\@viipt,\@viiipt,\@vipt}
% \DoNotIndex{\@vpt,\@warning,\@xiipt,\@xipt,\@xivpt,\@xpt,\@xviipt}
% \DoNotIndex{\@xxpt,\@xxvpt,\\,\ ,\addpenalty,\addtolength,\addvspace}
% \DoNotIndex{\advance,\Alph,\alph}
% \DoNotIndex{\arabic,\ast,\begin,\begingroup,\bfseries,\bgroup,\box}
% \DoNotIndex{\bullet}
% \DoNotIndex{\cdot,\cite,\CodelineIndex,\cr,\day,\DeclareOption}
% \DoNotIndex{\def,\DisableCrossrefs,\divide,\DocInput,\documentclass}
% \DoNotIndex{\DoNotIndex,\egroup,\ifdim,\else,\fi,\em,\endtrivlist}
% \DoNotIndex{\EnableCrossrefs,\end,\end@dblfloat,\end@float,\endgroup}
% \DoNotIndex{\endlist,\everycr,\everypar,\ExecuteOptions,\expandafter}
% \DoNotIndex{\fbox}
% \DoNotIndex{\filedate,\filename,\fileversion,\fontsize,\framebox,\gdef}
% \DoNotIndex{\global,\halign,\hangindent,\hbox,\hfil,\hfill,\hrule}
% \DoNotIndex{\hsize,\hskip,\hspace,\hss,\if@tempswa,\ifcase,\or,\fi,\fi}
% \DoNotIndex{\ifhmode,\ifvmode,\ifnum,\iftrue,\ifx,\fi,\fi,\fi,\fi,\fi}
% \DoNotIndex{\input}
% \DoNotIndex{\jobname,\kern,\leavevmode,\let,\leftmark}
% \DoNotIndex{\list,\llap,\long,\m@ne,\m@th,\mark,\markboth,\markright}
% \DoNotIndex{\month,\newcommand,\newcounter,\newenvironment}
% \DoNotIndex{\NeedsTeXFormat,\newdimen}
% \DoNotIndex{\newlength,\newpage,\nobreak,\noindent,\null,\number}
% \DoNotIndex{\numberline,\OldMakeindex,\OnlyDescription,\p@}
% \DoNotIndex{\pagestyle,\par,\paragraph,\paragraphmark,\parfillskip}
% \DoNotIndex{\penalty,\PrintChanges,\PrintIndex,\ProcessOptions}
% \DoNotIndex{\protect,\ProvidesClass,\raggedbottom,\raggedright}
% \DoNotIndex{\refstepcounter,\relax,\renewcommand,\reset@font}
% \DoNotIndex{\rightmargin,\rightmark,\rightskip,\rlap,\rmfamily,\roman}
% \DoNotIndex{\roman,\secdef,\selectfont,\setbox,\setcounter,\setlength}
% \DoNotIndex{\settowidth,\sfcode,\skip,\sloppy,\slshape,\space}
% \DoNotIndex{\symbol,\the,\trivlist,\typeout,\tw@,\undefined,\uppercase}
% \DoNotIndex{\usecounter,\usefont,\usepackage,\vfil,\vfill,\viiipt}
% \DoNotIndex{\viipt,\vipt,\vskip,\vspace}
% \DoNotIndex{\wd,\xiipt,\year,\z@}
%
% \changes{v1.0}{1999/04/02}{First public release}
% \changes{v1.0a}{1999/04/29}{Corrected the bookhand table}
% \changes{v1.1}{1999/05/15}{Added arabic digits and new package}
% \changes{v1.1a}{2001/01/02}{Fixed missing * in .fd files}
%
% ^^A \def\fileversion{v1.1}
% ^^A \def\filedate{1999/05/15}
% \def\fileversion{v1.1a}
% \def\filedate{2001/01/02}
% \newcommand*{\Lpack}[1]{\textsf {#1}}           ^^A typeset a package
% \newcommand*{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf {#1}}            ^^A typeset an option
% \newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset a file
% \newcommand*{\Lcount}[1]{\textsl {\small#1}}    ^^A typeset a counter
% \newcommand*{\pstyle}[1]{\textsl {#1}}          ^^A typeset a pagestyle
% \newcommand*{\Lenv}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset an environment
% \newcommand*{\AD}{\textsc{ad}}
%
% \title{The \Lpack{uncial} fonts\thanks{This
%        file has version number \fileversion, last revised
%        \filedate.}}
%
% \author{%
% Peter Wilson\\
% Catholic University of America \\
% Now at \texttt{peter.r.wilson@boeing.com}
% }
% \date{\filedate}
% \maketitle
% \begin{abstract}
%    The \Lpack{uncial} and \Lpack{alluncl} packages provide a set of 
% Metafont Uncial book-hands 
% as used
% for manuscripts in the 3rd to the 6th century. This is one in a series
% of manuscript fonts.
% \end{abstract}
% \tableofcontents
% \listoftables
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
% 
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
%    The \Lpack{uncial} and \Lpack{alluncl} packages provide a Metafont~\cite{METAFONT} version
% of the Uncial manuscript book-hand that was in use between about the
% third and sixth centuries~\AD. It is part of a project to provide fonts
% covering the major manuscript hands between the first century~\AD{} and
% the invention of printing. The principal resources used in this project
% are listed in the Bibliography.
%
% This manual is typeset according to the conventions of the
% \LaTeX{} \textsc{docstrip} utility which enables the automatic
% extraction of the \LaTeX{} macro source files~\cite{GOOSSENS94}.
% The \Lpack{docmfp} package is used for documenting the Metafont portions
% of the distribution~\cite{DOCMFP}.
%
%    Section~\ref{sec:usc} describes the usage of the package.
% Commented code for the fonts is in Sections~\ref{sec:mf} and~\ref{sec:fd}
% and source code for the package is in Section~\ref{sec:code}.
%
% \subsection{Manuscript book-hands}
%
% Before the invention of printing all books were written by hand. The book-hands
% used by the scribes and copyists for the manuscripts changed as time 
% went on. Table~\ref{tab:1} lists some of the common book-hands which were used
% between the 1st and 15th centuries. The later book-hands formed the basis of the
% fonts used by the early printers, which in turn form the basis of the printing
% fonts in use today.
%
%    The manuscript book-hands were written with a broad nibbed reed or quill
% pen. Among the distinguishing characteristics of a hand, apart from the 
% actual shape of the letters, are the angle of the pen (which controls the
% variation between thick and thin strokes) and the height of a letter compared
% to the width of the nib. The lower the ratio of the letter height to nib
% width, the more condensed is the script. The scripts also varied in their
% typical height. 
%
%    Table~\ref{tab:1} gives an `average' x-height for each
% script, which I obtained by measuring a sample of photographs of
% manuscripts written in the various hands. About a dozen examples
% of each book-hand were measured. This figure should not be taken too
% seriously.
%
%    There was not a sharp division between the use of one hand and another.
% Many manuscripts exhibit a variety of hands in the same document. For example,
% the scribe writing in an Uncial hand may have used Roman Rustic letters
% for capitals. Usually the same pen was used for the two different scripts.
%
%    Generally speaking, as a hand got older it became more embelished, and 
% therefore took longer to write. As this happened a new hand would appear that
% was faster, and which would eventually make the earlier one obsolete.
%
%    Many of the book-hands were single-cased; that is, they did not have an
% upper- and lower-case as we do nowadays in Western scripts. On the other
% hand, a script might be majuscule or minuscule. A \textit{majuscule} script
% is one, like our upper-case, where the letters are drawn between two lines
% and are of a uniform height with no ascenders or descenders. 
% A \textit{minuscule} script, like our lower-case, is drawn between four lines 
% and has ascenders and  descenders.
%
% \begin{table}
% \centering
% \caption{The main manuscript book-hands} \label{tab:1}
% \begin{tabular}{lccccc} \hline
% Name                  &amp; Century  &amp; x-height &amp; Height     &amp; Pen  &amp; Normalised \\
%                       &amp;          &amp; (mm)   &amp; (nib widths) &amp; angle &amp; height  \\ \hline
% Roman Rustic          &amp; 1--6     &amp; 5.7    &amp; 4--6         &amp; 45     &amp; 1.90 \\
% Uncial                &amp; 3--6     &amp; 4.1    &amp; 4--5         &amp; 30     &amp; 1.37 \\
% Half Uncial           &amp; 3--9     &amp; 3.2    &amp; 3--6         &amp; 20--30 &amp; 1.07 \\
% Artificial Uncial     &amp; 6--10    &amp; 4.2    &amp; 3--6         &amp; 10     &amp; 1.40 \\
% Insular majuscule     &amp; 6--9     &amp; 4.2    &amp; 5            &amp; 0--20  &amp; 1.40 \\
% Insular minuscule     &amp; 6 onward &amp; 4.1    &amp; 5--6         &amp; 45--70 &amp; 1.37 \\
% Carolingian minuscule &amp; 8--12    &amp; 3.0    &amp; 3--5         &amp; 45     &amp; 1.00 \\
% Early Gothic          &amp; 11--12   &amp; 3.8    &amp; 4--6         &amp; 20--45 &amp; 1.27 \\
% Gothic Textura        &amp; 13--15   &amp; 3.9    &amp; 3--5         &amp; 30--45 &amp; 1.30 \\
% Gothic Prescius       &amp; 13 onward &amp; 3.3   &amp; 4--5         &amp; 45     &amp; 1.10 \\
% Rotunda               &amp; 13--15   &amp; 3.2    &amp; 4--6         &amp; 30     &amp; 1.07 \\
% Humanist minuscule    &amp; 14 onward &amp; 3.0   &amp; 4--5         &amp; 30--40 &amp; 1.00 \\ \hline
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
%
%    During the period under consideration arabic numerals were effectively
% not used. At the beginning they were unknown and even though some knew
% of them towards the end, the glyphs used for them are not recognisable ---
% to me they look somewhat like cryllic letters --- and each locality
% and time had its own highly individualistic rendering. The general rule
% when using one of these book-hands is to write all numbers using
% roman numerals.
%
%    In the first century punctuation was virtually unknown, and typically
% would not even be any additional space between individual words, never
% mind denoting ends of sentences. Sometimes a dot at mid-height would be
% used as a word seperator, or to mark off the end of a paragraph. Effectively
% a text was a continuous stream of letters. By the time that printing was
% invented, though, all of our modern punctuation marks were being used.
%
%    Among all these manuscript hands, the Carolingian minuscule is the
% most important as our modern fonts are based on its letter shapes, and it is
% also at this point in time where the division occured between the black letter
% scripts as used even today in Germany, and the lighter fonts used elesewhere.
% The Rotunda and Humanist minuscule hands were developed in Italy and were
% essentially a rediscovery of the Carolingian minusucle. Guthenberg took the
% Gothic scripts as the model for his types. Later printers, 
% such as Nicholas Jenson of Venice,
% took the Humanist scripts as their models.
%
%
% \subsection{The Uncial script}
%
%    The Uncial hand, which is a minuscule script, was in use for some four 
% centuries and was the sucessor to the Roman Rustic book-hand. Usually the
% lettering in a manuscript was all one size. If the scribe felt the need
% for `capital' letters then, using the same pen, would either write a larger
% Uncial letter or write a Roman Rustic letter. During the period when the
% Uncial script was used the alphabet only had 23 letters. I have included
% the missing J, U and W.
%
%    Arabic numerals were unknown at this time, so all numbers were written
% using the roman numbering system. I have provided Uncial versions of
% the arabic digits.
%
%    Punctuation was practically non-existant. A sentence might be ended with
% a dot at mid-height or a paragraph ended with a colon, also at mid-height.
% More typically, the text ran on continuously with no breaks (in the earliest 
% uses of the script there might not be even any extra space between words).
% Towards the end of the script's lifetime, a comma was introduced which was a small
% slash; the semi-colon also made an appearance, as did the single quotation 
% mark which was represented by a raised comma.
%
%
% \section{The \Lpack{uncial} and \Lpack{alluncl} packages} \label{sec:usc}
%
%     The Uncial font family is called |uncl|. The font is supplied in both
% OT1 and T1 encodings.
%
% \subsection{The \Lpack{uncial} package}
%
%    This is intended for the occasions when some short pieces of text have
% to be written in Uncial while the majority of the document is in another
% font. The normal baselineskips are used.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\unclfamily}
%    The |\unclfamily| declaration starts typesetting with the Uncial fonts.
% Use of the Uncial font will continue until either there is another |\...family|
% declaration or the current group (e.g., environment) is closed.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\textuncl}
%    The command |\textuncl{|\meta{text}|}| will typeset \meta{text} using the
% Uncial fonts.
%
% \subsection{The \Lpack{alluncl} package}
%
%
%    This package is for when the entire document will be typeset with the
% Uncial font. The baselineskips are set to those appropriate to the
% book-hand. 
%
%    This is a minimalist package. Apart from declaring Uncial to be the
% default font and setting the baselineskips appropriately, it makes no other
% alterations. 
% Vertical spacing
% before and after section titles and before and after lists, etc., will be
% too small as the \LaTeX{} design assumes a font comparable in size to
% normal printing fonts, and the book-hand is much taller.
% To capture more of the flavour of the time, all numbers
% should be written using roman numerals. 
% The \Lpack{romannum} package~\cite{ROMANNUM}
% can be used so that \LaTeX{} will typeset the numbers that it generates,
% like sectioning or caption numbers, using roman numerals instead of arabic 
% digits. 
%
% \DescribeMacro{\cmrfamily}
% \DescribeMacro{\textcmr}
% \DescribeMacro{\cmssfamily}
% \DescribeMacro{\textcmss}
% \DescribeMacro{\cmttfamily}
% \DescribeMacro{\textcmtt}
%    The |...family| declarations start typesetting with the Computer Modern Roman
% (|\cmrfamily|), the Computer Modern Sans (|\cmssfamily|), and the Computer
% Modern Typewriter (|\cmttfamily|) font families. The |\textcm..{|\meta{text}|}|
% commands will typeset \meta{text} in the corresponding Computer Modern font.
%
%    The \Lpack{alluncl} package automatically loads the \Lpack{uncial} package,
% so the uncial font commands are available if necessary.
%
%
%
% \section{The Metafont code} \label{sec:mf}
%
%
%    As previously noted, this work is part of a larger project to provide
% fonts covering the main manuscript book-hands. As such, one of the
% aims is to produce a coordinated set of fonts, especially as multiple
% hands might be used in a single document. 
%
%    Noting that the hands tend to be somewhat larger than the typical 10pt
% size (where the x-height is approximately 1.5mm) used for modern books, 
% I have also designed the fonts
% at a larger than normal size, then applied some non-linear factors when reducing
% them down to a 10pt size.
%    Further, I have used the height of the Carolingian minuscule as a 
% normalising factor when deciding on the absolute height of any particular
% script. The x-height of the Carolingian font is made equal to the
% x-height of the Computer Modern Roman (CMR) font.
%
%    Modern fonts are effectively drawn. That is, the outline of the letter is
% drawn carefully and the center is filled with ink. This is shown to good
% effect in the Metafont code for the Computer Modern fonts~\cite{CM}.
% In contrast, the manuscript letters were inked by single pen strokes in
% a calligraphic manner. I have tried to repeat this calligraphic style
% in the Metafont code.
%
%    As much as possible I have tried to use parameter values from the
% Computer Modern Roman (CMR) fonts in order to reduce possible
% infelicities if the CM and manuscript fonts are used together. However,
% few of the CMR parameters are applicable to the calligraphic style.
%
%
% \subsection{The parameter file}
%
%    We deal with the parameter files first, and start by announcing
% what they are for. The Uncial font comes in three sizes and also as a normal
% and a bold font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*base7|base10|base17|base7b|base10b|base17b&gt;
%&lt;base7&gt;%%% UNCL7.MF    Computer Uncial at 7 point design size.
%&lt;base10&gt;%%% UNCL10.MF  Computer Uncial at 10 point design size.
%&lt;base17&gt;%%% UNCL17.MF  Computer Uncial at 17 point design size.
%&lt;base7b&gt;%%% UNCLB7.MF    Computer Uncial Bold at 7 point design size.
%&lt;base10b&gt;%%% UNCLB10.MF  Computer Uncial Bold at 10 point design size.
%&lt;base17b&gt;%%% UNCLB17.MF  Computer Uncial Bold at 17 point design size.
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Parameters from CMR are used as much as possible. We also
% make sure that \Lpack{cmbase} is loaded as well as plain Metafont.
%    \begin{macrocode}
if unknown cmbase: input cmbase fi

%&lt;base7&gt;font_identifier:="UNCL"; font_size 7pt#;
%&lt;base10&gt;font_identifier:="UNCL"; font_size 10pt#;
%&lt;base17&gt;font_identifier:="UNCL"; font_size 17.28pt#;
%&lt;base7b&gt;font_identifier:="UNCLB"; font_size 7pt#;
%&lt;base10b&gt;font_identifier:="UNCLB"; font_size 10pt#;
%&lt;base17b&gt;font_identifier:="UNCLB"; font_size 17.28pt#;

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{jutstretch}
%    The CMR scaling for lowercase serifs wrt 17pt size.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; jutstretch:=1.19; 
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; jutstretch:=1.152; 
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; jutstretch:=1.0;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{stemstretch}
%    The CMR scaling for lowercase stem widths wrt 17pt size.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; stemstretch:=1.50;
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; stemstretch:=1.31;
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; stemstretch:=1.0;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{caprat}
%    The scaling for `capitals' wrt `lowercase'. This is pretty much a guess.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 caprat:=1.25;          % ratio of capital height to minuscule height
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{cap_jutstretch}
%    The CMR scaling for uppercase serifs wrt 17pt size.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; cap_jutstretch:=1.3;   
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; cap_jutstretch:=1.2;   
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; cap_jutstretch:=1.0;   
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{cap_stemstretch}
%    The CMR scaling for uppercase stem width wrt 17pt size.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; cap_stemstretch:=1.45;  
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; cap_stemstretch:=1.31;  
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; cap_stemstretch:=1.0;  
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{bfudge}
%    Letter width scaling for bold font wrt normal font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base10|base17&gt; bfudge:=1.0;
%&lt;base7b|base10b|base17b&gt; bfudge:=1.15;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{szfudge}
%    Width scaling wrt 17pt letter width.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; szfudge:=1.18; 
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; szfudge:=1.0; 
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; szfudge:=1.0; 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{hstretch}
%    Horizontal stretching factor wrt 17pt size letter width.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 hstretch:=szfudge*bfudge;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{carol_height}
%    The x-height of the Carolingian minuscule font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; carol_height#:=108.5/36pt#; 
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; carol_height#:=155/36pt#; 
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; carol_height#:=268/36pt#; 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{vstretch}
%    The height of this font wrt the Carolingian font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 vstretch:=1.37;   

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{x_height} 
%    The x-height of lower case letters. Scaled from the Carolingian font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 x_height#:=vstretch*carol_height#; 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{u}
%    The unit width. The CMR values are used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7&gt; u#:=15.5/36pt#;  
%&lt;base10&gt; u#:=20/36pt#;  
%&lt;base17&gt; u#:=32.5/36pt#;  
%&lt;base7b&gt; u#:=17.9/36pt#;  
%&lt;base10b&gt; u#:=23/36pt#;  
%&lt;base17b&gt; u#:=37/36pt#;  
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{width_adj}
% \DescribeVariable{serif_fit}
% \DescribeVariable{cap_serif_fit}
% \DescribeVariable{letter_fit}
%    The majority of these parameters and values are constant.
% They are for fine adjustements of characters. The CM values are used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 width_adj#:=0pt#;         % width adjustment for certain characters
 serif_fit#:=0pt#;         % extra sidebar near lowercase serifs
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; cap_serif_fit#:=3.5/36pt#;  % extra sidebar near uppercase serifs
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; cap_serif_fit#:=5/36pt#;  % extra sidebar near uppercase serifs
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; cap_serif_fit#:=8/36pt#;  % extra sidebar near uppercase serifs
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; letter_fit#:=0pt#;        % extra space added to all sidebars
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; letter_fit#:=0pt#;        % extra space added to all sidebars
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; letter_fit#:=-0.1pt#;        % extra space added to all sidebars

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{cap_height} 
%    The height of capital letters.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; cap_height#:=172.2/36pt#;        % height of caps
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; cap_height#:=246/36pt#;        % height of caps
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; cap_height#:=425/36pt#;        % height of caps
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{thickfudge}
%    The reciprical of the font height in nib widths. Normal font height
% is 5 nib widths and the bold font height is 4 nib widths.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base10|base17&gt; thickfudge:=1/5;     
%&lt;base7b|base10b|base17b&gt; thickfudge:=1/4;     
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{thinfudge}
%    The nib sharpness.
%    \begin{macrocode}
thinfudge:=1/6;      
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{thick}
%    The maximum nib width. 
% That is, the width of the thickest line that can be penned.
%    \begin{macrocode}
thick#:=stemstretch*thickfudge*x_height#;    % max pen breadth
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{thin}
%    The nib thinness. 
% That is, the width of the thinnest line that can be penned.
%    \begin{macrocode}
thin#:=thinfudge*thick#;  
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{pangle}
%  The pen angle (in degrees).
%    \begin{macrocode} 
pangle:=30;                  % pen angle
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{asc_height} 
%    The height of lower case ascenders.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  asc_height#:=2x_height#;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{desc_depth} 
%    The depth of lower case descenders.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  desc_depth#:=x_height#;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{fig_height} 
%    The height of numerals. Make these midway between normal and capital
% letters.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  fig_height#:=(0.5[1,caprat])*x_height#;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{fig_width} 
%    The width of numerals. All numerals are the same width (roughly, an `o').
%    \begin{macrocode}
  fig_width#:=hstretch*(9/10x_height#);
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{body_height} 
%    The height of the tallest character.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 body_height#:=caprat*asc_height#;    
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{body_depth} 
%    The depth of the lowest character.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 body_depth#:=caprat*desc_depth#;    
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{half_height} 
%    Half the normal letter height.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 half_height#:=1/2x_height#;    % half the height of x height letters

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{side}
%    We might be using a square for the character design.
%    \begin{macrocode}
side#:=x_height#;     
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{rule_thickness}
%    Thickness of rules (in math symbols). The CMR values are used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; rule_thickness#:=.34pt#; 
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; rule_thickness#:=.4pt#; 
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; rule_thickness#:=.6pt#; 

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{jutfudge}
%    Controls the protrusion of serifs.
%    \begin{macrocode}
jutfudge:= 3/4;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{jut} 
%    The lowercase serif protrusion.
%    \begin{macrocode}
jut#:=jutstretch*jutfudge*thick#; 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{srad}
%    |srad| with |0 &lt; srad &lt; 1| controls the serif radius.
%    \begin{macrocode}
srad:=0.5;   
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{o}
%    Amount of overshoot for curves (as in an `o'). Use CMR values.
%    \begin{macrocode} 
%&lt;base7|base7b&gt; o#:=5/36pt#;   
%&lt;base10|base10b&gt; o#:=8/36pt#;   
%&lt;base17|base17b&gt; o#:=10/36pt#;   

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{slant}
% |slant| is the amount the font slopes to the right. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
slant:=0;      % tilt ratio $(\Delta x/\Delta y)$

%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \DescribeVariable{monospace} 
%    We are generating a variable-width font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
monospace:=false;    % should all characters have the same width?

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{dot_size}
%    The size of (punctuation) dots.
%    \begin{macrocode}
dot_size#:=5thin#;   % size of dots
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{comma_width}
%    The horizontal width of a comma.
%    \begin{macrocode}
comma_width#:=2.5dot_size#; 

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Finally, call the driver file for the font.
%    \begin{macrocode} 
generate uncltitle      %% switch to the driver file

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    The end of this code section.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;/base7|base10|base17|base7b|base10b|base17b&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The driver file}
%
%    The driver file sets up the font parametrs and also contains
% the macros used in the definition of the characters.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*mfd&gt;
% This is UNCLTITLE.MF for the Uncial font.
% This makes a short font.
% This file also contains special macros universally needed in the 
% font but either not in the cmbase.mf file or modifications of these.
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{routine}{makebox}
%    This is a new version of the \Lpack{cmbase.mf} |makebox| macro.
% Essentially, as we are only generating a single case font, we don't
% need all the horizontals for the CMR characters.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
% A new version of cmbase.mf makebox macro
def makebox(text rule) =
  for y=0,half_height,cap_height,body_height,x_height,-desc_depth,-body_depth:
    rule((l,y)t_,(r,y)t_); endfor  % horizontals
  for x=l,r: rule((x,-body_depth)t_,(x,body_height)t_); endfor % verticals
  for x=u*(1+floor(1/u)) step u until r-1:
    rule((x,-body_depth)t_,(x,body_height)t_); endfor         % more verticals
  if charic&lt;&gt;0:
    rule((r+charic*pt,h.o_),(r+charic*pt,.5h.o_)); fi  % italic correction
enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{proofpcbb}
%    The macro |proofpcbb(S, xoff, yoff)| draws crosses at the corners of the
% square, and at the bottom and top midpoints, where the point |zS| is at
% position |(xoff,yoff)| in the square. 
%    \begin{macrocode}

% A macro to delineate a letter's bounding square in proof mode.
% Point z$ is at (xoff,yoff) in the bounding square.
def proofpcbb(suffix $)(expr xoff, yoff) =
if proofing &gt; 0:
  x$bl = x$ - xoff; y$bl = y$ - yoff;         % Bottom Left Hand Corner
  z$br = (x$bl+side, y$bl);                   % BRHC
  z$tr = (x$bl+side, y$bl+side);              % TRHC
  z$tl = (x$bl, y$bl+side);                   % TLHC
  z$bc = 1/2[z$bl,z$br]; z$tc = 1/2[z$tl,z$tr];  % horizontal mid points
  pair hc, vc;
  hc = (2u,0); vc = (0,2u);
  pickup pensquare scaled 2;
  for s = z$bl, z$br, z$tr, z$tl, z$bc, z$tc:
    draw s-hc--s+hc;
    draw s-vc--s+vc;
  endfor
fi
enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%
% \begin{routine}{uncial_font_setup}
%    This macro contains the set up for the uncial fonts.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
def uncial_font_setup= % contains special stuff for uncial fonts
  define_pixels(side,half_height,carol_height,comma_width);
  define_pixels(u,dot_size,letter_size,cap_height,width_adj,serif_fit,
                cap_serif_fit,jut,cap_jut);
  define_pixels(fig_width);
  define_whole_pixels(letter_fit);
  define_whole_vertical_pixels(body_height,asc_height,cap_height,x_height,
                               desc_depth,body_depth,fig_height);
  define_corrected_pixels(o);
  define_blacker_pixels(thick,thin);
  let adjust_fit = normal_adjust_fit;
%    \end{macrocode}
% \DescribeVariable{stylus}
%  The pen for drawing the thinnest lines is |stylus|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  pickup pencircle scaled thin;
  stylus:=savepen;
%    \end{macrocode}
% \DescribeVariable{quill}
%  The normal calligraphic pen is |quill|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  pickup pencircle xscaled thick yscaled thin rotated pangle;
  quill:=savepen;
  numeric pcshiftx#; % x value of LHS of box wrt origin of char box
  define_pixels(pcshiftx);
  numeric sqxside#;   % x size of the square
  numeric sqyside#;   % y size of the square
  define_pixels(sqxside,sqyside);

enddef; % end of uncial_font_setup

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \DescribeVariable{ductus}
% A boolean to control drawing the ductus (TRUE) or the full letter (FALSE).
%    \begin{macrocode}
boolean ductus;
ductus:=false;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{qhor}
% \DescribeVariable{qvert}
% The cosine and sine of the pen angle.
%    \begin{macrocode}
numeric qhor, qvert;
qhor:=cosd(pangle); qvert:=sind(pangle);
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{pdir}
% The vector corresponding to the pen angle.
%    \begin{macrocode}
pair pdir; pdir=dir(pangle);
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{ppdir}
% The vector that is perpendicular (anticlockwise) to the pen angle.
%    \begin{macrocode}
pair ppdir; ppdir=dir(pangle+90);
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_serif}
% A macro to draw a serif. |draw_serif(1,2,f)| uses the current pen to
% draw a serif of extent |jut| at |z1| to the left of the line from |z2| 
% to |z1|. The
% radius is controlled by |f|, where $0&lt;f&lt;1$. The `stem' from |z1| to |z2|
% starts at the point |z1a|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_serif(suffix $, $$)(expr fr)=
  numeric beta, ajut, bjut;
%    \end{macrocode}
% |fr| and |beta| control the serif radius.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  beta=1-fr;
  ajut=fr*jut; bjut=beta*jut;
%    \end{macrocode}
% The points |$c|, |$b| and |$a| define the serif. For a top (bottom) serif
% the leftmost (rightmost) point is 
% |$c| and |$a| is on the stem. |$a| is moved from |$| towards |$$| by the 
% distance |ajut|, and the other points are calculated from this. If the stem
% is not vertical, then we have to rotate |$b| to match.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  pair vec[]; vec1=unitvector(z$$-z$);
  vec2=ajut*vec1;
  z$a=z$ shifted vec2;
  z$b=z$a rotatedaround (z$,-90);
  boolean top_serif;
  if y$&gt;y$$:
    top_serif := true;
    z$c=z$b shifted (-bjut*pdir);
  else:
    top_serif:=false;
    z$c=z$b shifted (bjut*pdir);
  fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw the parts, and finish off.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  if top_serif:
    draw z$c--z$b{pdir}..{z$$-z$}z$a;    % the serif
  else:
    draw z$c--z$b{-pdir}..{z$$-z$}z$a;
  fi
  labels($a,$b,$c);
enddef; % end of draw_serif

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_istem}
%  A macro to draw the shape of an i. |draw_istem(1,2,f)| draws a stem whose
% top is at |z1| and bottom at |z2|. It draws with the current pen and the serifs
% are of extent |jut|. The serif radius is controlled by |f|, with $0&lt;f&lt;1$.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_istem(suffix $, $$)(expr fr)=
  draw_serif($, $$, fr);  % top serif
  draw_serif($$, $, fr);  % bottom serif
  draw z$a--z$$a;  % the stem
enddef; % end of draw_istem

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_tstem}
%  A macro to draw the shape of the stem of a `t'. |draw_tstem(1,2,f)| draws a 
% stem whose
% top is at |z1| and bottom at |z2| with a right serif at |z2|. The radius
% is controlled by |f|, with $0 &lt; f &lt; 1$.
% It draws with the current pen and the serif is of extent |jut|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_tstem(suffix $, $$)(expr fr)=
  draw_serif($$, $, fr);  % the serif
  draw z$--z$$a;                      % the stem
enddef; % end of draw_tstem

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_tlserif}
%  A macro to draw a top left serif. |draw_tlserif(1,2,f)| draws a serif on top
% of a stem whose absolute 
% top is at |z1| and bottom at |z2|. It draws with the current pen and the serif
% is of extent |jut|. It also draws the stem to the point |z2|. The serif
% radius is controlled by |f|, with $0&lt;f&lt;1$.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_tlserif(suffix $, $$)(expr fr)=
  draw_serif($, $$, fr);  % the serif
  draw z$a--z$$;                       % the stem
enddef; % end of draw_tlserif

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_jstem}
%  A macro to draw a stem like a `j'. |draw_jstem(1,2,f,jjut,jdepth)| draws a 
% serif on top
% of a stem whose absolute 
% top is at |z1| and bottom at |z2|. A straight stem is drawn down to |z2|.
% A curved point is dawn, ending at |jjut| to the left and |jdepth| below
% |z2|. It draws with the current pen and the serif
% is of extent |jut| with the radius controlled by |f|, with $0&lt;f&lt;1$.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_jstem(suffix $, $$)(expr fr, jjut, jdepth)=
  draw_serif($, $$, fr);  % the serif
%    \end{macrocode}
% The point |z$$a| is at |jjut| to the left and |jdepth| below the point |z$$|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  lft x$$a=x$$-jjut; bot y$$a=y$$-jdepth;
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw the parts, and finish off.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  draw z$a--z$${down}..{-pdir}z$$a;   % straight stem and curved ending
  labels($$a);
enddef; % end of draw_jstem

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_jcurve}
%  A macro to draw a curved stem like a `j'. 
% |draw_jstem(1,f,jjut,jdepth)| draws a 
% serif on top
% of a stem whose absolute 
% top is at |z1|. A curved stem with a pointed end 
% is drawn, ending at |jjut| to the left and |jdepth| below
% |z1|. It draws with the current pen and the serif
% is of extent |jut| with the radius controlled by |f|, with $0&lt;f&lt;1$.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_jcurve(suffix $)(expr fr, jjut, jdepth)=
  z$'= z$ shifted down;
  draw_serif($, $', fr);  % the serif
%    \end{macrocode}
% The point |z$d| is at |jjut| to the left and |\jdepth| below the point |z$|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  lft x$d=x$-jjut; bot y$d=y$-jdepth;
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw the parts, and finish off.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  draw z$a{down}...{-pdir}z$d;   % curved downwards stem
  labels($d);
enddef; % end of draw_jcurve

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_flick}
%  A macro to draw a flick (like an eyebrow). 
% |draw_flick(1,rise,fall,fjut)| draws a stroke starting at |z1| rising up by
% |rise| and falling down by |fall| wrt |z1|. The overall stroke distance is
% |fjut| to the right of |z1|. It is drawn with the current pen.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_flick(suffix $)(expr rise, fall, fjut)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% The points |z$a| and |z$b|, together with |z$| make up three points on the
% ductus.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  rt x$b = x$+fjut; top y$b=y$-fall;
  x$a=0.5[x$,x$b]; top y$a=y$+rise;
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw the part, and finish off.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  draw z$..z$a..z$b; 
  labels($a,$b);
enddef; % end of draw_flick

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_hbowl}
%  A macro to draw the bowl of an `h'. 
% |draw_hbowl(1,rise,fall,hjut)| draws a stroke starting at |z1| rising up by
% |rise| and falling down by |fall| wrt |z1|. The overall stroke distance is
% |hjut| to the right of |z1|. It is drawn with the current pen as a part circle,
% with the left and bottom parts missing.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_hbowl(suffix $)(expr rise, fall, fjut)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% The points |z$|, |z$e|, |z$f| and |z$j| are the points defining the ductus.
% First we need the ductus of the circle. This is radius |rad| and center |z$c|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  numeric rad; rad=0.5(rise+fall);
  x$c=x$+fjut-rad; y$c=y$+rise-rad;
%    \end{macrocode}
% Points |z$d| to |z$g| define the circle ductus.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  lft x$d=x$c-rad; rt x$f=x$c+rad; y$d=y$f=y$c;
  x$e=x$g=x$c; top y$e=y$c+rad; bot y$g=y$c-rad;
%    \end{macrocode}
% Locate the lower right thinnest point on the circle, and drop it vertically
% down to the baseline.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  z$k = z$c shifted (-rad*ppdir);
  path p[];
  p1 = z$e{right}..z$f{down}..{left}z$g;
  z$i = (z$c--z$k) intersectionpoint p1;
  x$j=x$i; bot y$j = y$c-rad;
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw the part, and finish off.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  draw z$..z$e{right}..z$f{down}..{-pdir}z$j; 
  labels($c,$d,$e,$f,$g,$i,$j,$k);
enddef; % end of draw_hbowl

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_wave}
% A macro to draw a (horizontal) stroke with a flick at each end 
% (down at the left and up at the right). |draw_wave(1,2,f)| uses the current
% pen to draw from |z1wl| to |z1wr|, where |x1wl=x1|, |y1wl=y1-f|, and
% |x1wr=x2|, |y1wr=y2+f|, with |z1| assumed to be at the left of |z2|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_wave(suffix $,$$)(expr f)=
  x$wl=x$; y$wl=y$-f;
  x$wr=x$$; y$wr=y$$+f;
  z$wc=0.5[z$wl,z$wr];
  draw z$wl{pdir}..z$wc{right}..{pdir}z$wr;
  labels($wl,$wc,$wr);
enddef; % end of draw_wave
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_pdot}
%  A macro to draw a period dot.
% |draw_pdot(1,sz)| uses |stylus| to draw a dot centered at |z1| of overall size |sz|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_pdot(suffix $)(expr sz)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw a square rotated 45 degrees.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  z$s = z$ shifted (0.5sz*left);
  z$t = z$ shifted (0.5sz*up);
  z$u = z$s shifted (sz*right);
  z$v = z$t shifted (sz*down);
  pickup stylus;
  filldraw z$s--z$t--z$u--z$v--cycle;
  labels($s,$t,$u,$v);
enddef; % end of draw_pdot

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_pcomma}
%  A macro to draw a period comma.
% |draw_pcomma(1,t,w)| draws a comma placed at |z1| (the top), line width is |t|
% and bottom of line is |w| horizontally from |z1|. The pen is |stylus|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_pcomma(suffix $)(expr sz, ar)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw a line of at |z$| of width |sz| sloping back and down at 45 degrees
% for a total width of |ar|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  z$s = z$ shifted (0.5sz*left);
  z$t = z$s shifted (sz*right);
  x$v=x$s-ar; y$v=y$s-ar;
  z$u = z$v shifted (sz*right);
  pickup stylus;
  filldraw z$s--z$t--z$u--z$v--cycle;
  labels($s,$t,$u,$v);
enddef; % end of draw_pcomma

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_plq}
%  A macro to draw a period left quote.
% |draw_pcomma(1,t,w)| draws a left quote placed at |z1| (the top), line width is |t|
% and bottom of line is |w| horizontally from |z1|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_plq(suffix $)(expr sz, ar)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw a line of at |z$| of width |sz| sloping forward and down at 45 degrees
% for a total width of |ar|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  z$s = z$ shifted (0.5sz*left);
  z$t = z$s shifted (sz*right);
  x$v=x$s+ar; y$v=y$s-ar;
  z$u = z$v shifted (sz*right);
  pickup stylus;
  filldraw z$s--z$t--z$u--z$v--cycle;
  labels($s,$t,$u,$v);
enddef; % end of draw_plq

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%    Set the mode and font setup.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
font_coding_scheme:="ASCII minuscules and punctuation";
mode_setup; 
uncial_font_setup;

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%    We generate letters, together with some punctuation and
% analphabetics.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
input uncll;        % minuscules (lower case)
input unclu;        % majuscules (capitals)
input unclpunct;    % punctuation
input uncllig;      % the several dashes
input uncldig;      % arabic digits
%%%input unclp;        % ampersand and ?mark

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Finally, do the uppercase ligtable.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
font_slant slant; font_x_height x_height#;
if monospace: font_normal_space 9u#; % no stretching or shrinking
 font_quad 18u#;
 font_extra_space 9u#;
else: font_normal_space 6u#+2letter_fit#;
 font_normal_stretch 3u#; font_normal_shrink 2u#;
 font_quad 18u#+4letter_fit#;
 font_extra_space 2u#;
 k#:=-.5u#; kk#:=-1.5u#; kkk#:=-2u#; % three degrees of kerning
%% ligtable "P": "T": "Y": "A" kern kk#;
%% ligtable "F": "V": "W": "A" kern if serifs: kkk# else: kk#fi,
%%  "K": "X": "O" kern k#, "C" kern k#, "G" kern k#, "Q" kern k#;
%% ligtable "O": "D": "X" kern k#, "W" kern k#, "A" kern k#,
%%   "V" kern k#, "Y" kern k#;
%% ligtable "A": if serifs: "R": fi
%%  "C" kern k#, "O" kern k#, "G" kern k#, "U" kern k#, "Q" kern k#,
%%  "L": "T" kern kk#, "Y" kern kkk#, "V" kern kk#, "W" kern kkk#;
%%ligtable "I": "I" kern -k#; % Richard III
fi

bye.

%&lt;/mfd&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{The code for normal letters}
%
%    The following code is for the minuscule characters.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*min&gt;
% UNCLL.MF Program file for uncial minuscules
%


%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{a}
% The letter `a'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter a";
beginchar("a", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx+sqxside/3; rt x2=lft x1+2/3sqxside;
y1=h; y2=0;
%  for the bowl
z3=3/4[z2,z1];
z5=3/16[z2,z1];
y4=1/10[y5,y3];
lft x4=pcshiftx;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);  % the stem
draw z3{-pdir}..z4{down}..{pdir}z5;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "a"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{b}
% The letter `b'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter b";
beginchar("b", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut/2;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pair uncial; uncial=(qhor,0.5qvert);
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; y2=h/4;
x3=pcshiftx+sqxside/2; bot y3=0;
rt x4=pcshiftx+sqxside; y4=0.3h;
lft x5=x1; bot y5=h/2;
z5'=z5 + thick*uncial;
x6=x4-thick; y6=0.85h;
x7=x1; y7=0.9h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tlserif(1,2,srad);                             % the stem
draw z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..{-uncial}z5'--z5;   % bottom bowl
draw z5--z5'{uncial}..z6{up}..{-pdir}z7;              % top bowl
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,5',6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "b"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{c}
% The letter `c'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter c";
beginchar("c", u#+hstretch*(x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u/2;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x5=x6=x3;
y5=0.2h; 
y6=0.75h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "c"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{d}
% The letter `d'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter d";
beginchar("d", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#), 5/4x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=4/5h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = side/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y1=y3=sqyside/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=sqyside; bot y4=0;
x5=x6=x3;
y5=0.2h; 
y6=0.75h;
rt x0=pcshiftx+0.5sqxside; top y0=sqyside;
lft x7=pcshiftx+0.5sqxside;
bot y7=sqyside;
lft x8=pcshiftx; y8=y7+thick;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z0{-pdir}..z1{down}..z4{right}..z3{up}..z7..z8;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "d"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{e}
% The letter `e'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter e";
beginchar("e", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x5=x6=x3;
y5=0.2h; 
y6=0.75h;
% the bar
x7=x1; y7=y1;
%%x8=x7+side+0.5thick; y8=y7;
x8=w-pcshiftx; y8=y7;
x10=x7; y10=y7+3thin;
numeric alpha; alpha:=0.5;  % dishing
x9=0.5[x8,x10]; y9=(0.5alpha)[y8,y10];
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6; % the bowl
pickup stylus;
filldraw z7--z8..z9..z10--cycle;      % the bar
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100);
endchar; % end "e"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{f}
% The letter `f'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter f";
beginchar("f", 2u#+hstretch*(jut#+x_height#), x_height#, 2/3x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; bot y2=-d/2;
x3=x4=x1; y3=h-thick; y4=0;
numeric rise, fall, fjut;
rise:=thick; fall:=0; fjut:=2/3sqxside;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_jstem(1,2,srad,d/2,d/2);
draw_flick(3,rise,fall,fjut);
draw_flick(4,rise,fall,fjut);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "f"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{g}
% The letter `g'. Like a `c' but with a small stem.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter g";
beginchar("g", u#+hstretch*(x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u/2;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x5=x6=x3;
y5=0.2h; 
y6=0.75h;
lft x7=x5-thick; bot y7=y5-3thick;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6;  % the bowl
draw z5{down}..{-pdir}z7;              % the stem
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end "g"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{h}
% The letter `h'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter h";
beginchar("h", 2u#+hstretch*(jut#+thick#+x_height#), asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h/2;  % asc_height is 2x_height !!!
sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = sqyside/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% center of circle
x99=w/2; y99=sqyside/2;
y3=y5=y99;
lft x3= pcshiftx; 
%%rt x5=x99+w-pcshiftx; 
x5 = x99 + (x99-x3);
x4=x6=x99; top y4=sqyside; bot y6 =0;
path pcirc; pcirc=z6..z5..z4..z3..cycle;
x1'=x2'=x1+0.5thick; y1'=h; y2'=0;
z7' = (z1'--z2') intersectionpoint (subpath(2,3) of pcirc);
x7=x1; y7=y7';
z99'=z99 - 500ppdir;
z8' = (z99--z99') intersectionpoint subpath(0,1) of pcirc;
x8=x8'; bot y8=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
  draw z1'--z2'; draw z99--z99'; draw pcirc;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);
draw z7{pdir}..z4{right}..z5{down}..{-pdir}z8;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,1',2,2',3,4,5,6,7,7',8,8',99,99',100);
endchar; % end "h"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{i}
% The letter i.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter i";
beginchar("i", 2u#+hstretch*(thick#+2jut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=x2=w/2;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_istem(1,2,srad);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "i"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{j}
% The letter `j'. This letter was not in the script, it being a later invention.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter j";
beginchar("j", 2u#+hstretch*(thick#+2jut#), x_height#, desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=x2=w/2;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_jstem(1,2,srad,2/3sqxside,desc_depth);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "j"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{k}
% The letter `k'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter k";
beginchar("k", 2u#+hstretch*(jut#+4/3x_height#), asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h/2;  % asc_height = 2x_height !!!
sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = side/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% for the flick
numeric rise,fall,fjut;
x3=x1; y3=2/3side;
rise:=1/3sqyside; fall:=-rise/2; fjut:=sqxside; %% fjut:=2/3side;
% for the leg
x4=x3+0.25thick; y4=y3+0.5thick;
x5=x3+side; y5=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);
draw_flick(3,rise,fall,fjut);
draw_tstem(4,5,srad);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "k"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{l}
% The letter `l'. Like a high `i' but with a bottom bowl like the lower half
% of the `c'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter l";
beginchar("l", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h/2; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; y2=h/4;
x3=0.5[x1,x4]; bot y3=0;
rt x4=w-u; y4=0.1h;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_tlserif(1,2,srad);                    % the stem
draw z2{down}..z3{right}..{pdir}z4;   % the bowl
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "l"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{m}
% The letter `m'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter m";
beginchar("m", 2u#+hstretch*(9/6x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=1/3sqxside; bot y1=0;
lft x2= pcshiftx; y2=h/2;
lft x4=pcshiftx+2/3sqxside; y4=2/3h;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; top y3=h;
x5=x4; y5=y1;
z6=z4;
numeric rise,fall,mjut;
rise=h-y6; fall=y6; mjut=w-pcshiftx-x6;
%%ductus:=true;
draw z1..z2{up}..z3{right}..{down}z4;      % left half
draw_tstem(4,5,srad);                      % middle stem
draw_hbowl(6,rise,fall,mjut);              % right half
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "m"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{n}
% The letter `n'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter n";
beginchar("n", 2u#+hstretch*(jut#+x_height#), x_height#, 0.5x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% left stem
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h;
x2=x1; y2=y1-thin;
numeric jjut, jdepth;
jjut=2jut; jdepth=y2+d-thin;
% right stem
rt x4=pcshiftx+sqxside; y4=y1;
x3=x4; bot y3=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_jcurve(1,srad,jjut,jdepth);    % left stem
draw_istem(4,3,srad);                  % right stem
draw z1--z3;                         % diagonal
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "n"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{o}
% The letter `o'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter o";
beginchar("o", u#+hstretch*(x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u/2;
sqyside:=h;
sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h+o; bot y4=-o;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "o"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{p}
% The letter `p'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter p";
beginchar("p", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), x_height#, x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h;
numeric jjut, jdepth;
jjut=1/3sqxside-thin; jdepth=h+d-thin;
% bowl
x2=x1; y2=3/4h; %% y2=2/3side;
rt x4=w-u;
lft x5=x1+thick; y5=0;
y4=0.4[y3,y5];
top y3=h; x3=0.5[x2,x4];
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_jcurve(1,srad,jjut,jdepth);  % stem
%%draw z2..z3{right}..z4{down}..{-pdir}z5; % bowl
draw z1a..z3{right}..z4{down}..{-pdir}z5; % bowl
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "p"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{q}
% The letter `q'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter q";
beginchar("q", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#), x_height#, x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% right stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h;
numeric jjut, jdepth;
jjut=2jut; jdepth=h+d-thin;
x2=x1-jjut; y2=y1-jdepth;
% bowl
numeric rad; rad := w/2;
x0=w/2; y0=h/2;
lft x4=pcshiftx; y4=y0;
x3=x5=x0; top y3=h; bot y5=0;
x7=x0+rad; y7=y0;
path p[];
p1=z1{down}..{-pdir}z2;  % stem
p2=z4{down}..z5{right}..{up}z7;
z6'= p1 intersectionpoint p2;
rt x6=x6'; y6=y6';
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1{down}...{-pdir}z2;              % right stem
draw z1--z3..z4{down}..{right}z5..z6;    % bowl
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,6',7,100);
endchar; % end "q"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{r}
% The letter `r'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter r";
beginchar("r", 2u#+hstretch*(4/3x_height#), x_height#, 2/3x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
pcshiftx := u+jut;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h;
numeric jjut, jdepth;
jjut=1/5sqxside; jdepth=h+d-thin;
% bowl
x2=x1; y2=3/4h; 
rt x4=pcshiftx+3/4sqxside;
lft x5=x1; bot y5=1/6h;
y4=0.4[y3,y5];
top y3=h; x3=0.5[x2,x4];
rt x7=w-u; y7=-thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_jcurve(1,srad,jjut,jdepth);          % stem
draw z1a..z3{right}..z4{down}..{-pdir}z5; % bowl
draw z5{-ppdir}..{right}z7;               % leg
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end "r"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{s}
% The letter `s'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter s";
beginchar("s", 2u#+hstretch*(5/6x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h-thin;
x2=w/2; top y2=h;
lft x3=pcshiftx; y3=0.75h;
x4=w/2; y4=h/2;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=0.25h;
x6=w/2; bot y6=0;
lft x7= pcshiftx; bot y7 = thin;
path p[];
p1=z1..z2{left}..z3{down}..z4..z5{down}..z6{left}..z7;
pair vec[];
vec1= direction 0 of p1;
vec2= direction (length p1) of p1;
z11=z1 shifted vec1;
z17=z7 shifted -vec2;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
%%draw_serif(1,11,srad);
%%draw_serif(7,17,srad);
%%draw z1a..z2{left}..z3{down}..z4..z5{down}..z6{left}..z7a;
draw p1;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,11,17,100);
endchar; % end "s"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{t}
% The letter `t'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter t";
beginchar("t", u#+hstretch*(x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u/2;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=x2=w/2;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
lft x3=pcshiftx; top y3=h-thin;
x4=x2; top y4=h;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; top y5=h+thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);
draw z3{pdir}..z4{right}..{pdir}z5;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "t"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{u}
% The letter `u'. This is a modern version as the font did not have a U.
% It uses part of the left half of the W.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter u";
beginchar("u", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% left half first
lft x6=pcshiftx+thick;
top y6=h;
lft x7=pcshiftx; y7=h/2;
x8=pcshiftx+0.5sqxside; bot y8=0;
% the stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx-jut; y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
% a construction point for the curved part
x5=x1+sqxside-thick; y5=y6;
path p[];
p1=z1--z2;
p2=z6..z7{down}..z8{right}..z5;
z9= p2 intersectionpoint p1;
pair vec[];
vec2 = direction 0 of p2;
z16=z6 shifted vec2;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_serif(6,16,srad);                      % left half
draw z6a..z7{down}..z8{right}..z9;  
draw_istem(1,2,srad);                       % right stem
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,16,100);
endchar; % end "u"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{v}
% The letter `v'. The right half of the `w' is used for the `v' (or vice-versa
% if you prefer).
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter v";
beginchar("v", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% right side first
numeric midx; midx:= pcshiftx;
lft x1=midx+jut; top y1=h;
lft x2=midx; y2=h/2;
rt x4=midx+sqxside; y4=y2;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0;
x5=x4-thick; y5=y1;
path p[];
p1=z1..z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;
pair vec[];
vec1 = direction 0 of p1;
z11=z1 shifted vec1;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_serif(1,11,srad);                      % right half
draw z1a..z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;  
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,11,100);
endchar; % end "v"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{w}
% The letter `w'. This is a modern version as the font did not have a W.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter w";
beginchar("w", 2u#+hstretch*(5/3x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% right side first
numeric midx; midx:= pcshiftx+2/3sqxside;
lft x1=midx+jut; top y1=h;
lft x2=midx; y2=h/2;
rt x4=midx+sqxside; y4=y2;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0;
x5=x4-thick; y5=y1;
path p[];
p1=z1..z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;
% left side
lft x6=pcshiftx+thick;
y6=y1;
lft x7=pcshiftx; y7=y2;
x8=pcshiftx+0.5sqxside; y8=y3;
p2=z6..z7{down}..z8{right}..(z5 shifted -pdir);
z9= p2 intersectionpoint p1;
pair vec[];
vec1 = direction 0 of p1;
vec2 = direction 0 of p2;
z11=z1 shifted vec1;
z16=z6 shifted vec2;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_serif(1,11,srad);                      % right half
draw z1a..z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;  
draw_serif(6,16,srad);                      % left half
draw z6a..z7{down}..z8{right}..z9;  
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,16,100);
endchar; % end "w"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{x}
% The letter `x'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter x";
beginchar("x", u#+hstretch*(5/3x_height#), x_height#, 1/3x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := 0;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% thick diagonal
lft x1=pcshiftx+1/2sqxside; rt x2=w-jut;
y1=h; y2=0;
% thin diagonal
lft x3=pcshiftx; bot y3=-d;
z4=z3 shifted (jut*right);
z5=z4 shifted (jut*pdir);
rt x8=w-pcshiftx; top y8=h;
z7=z8 shifted (jut*left);
z6=z7 shifted (-jut*pdir);
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);            % thick diagonal
draw z3---z4..z5---z6..z7---z8;  % thin diagonal
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "x"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{y}
% The letter `y'. This has a dot on top!
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter y";
beginchar("y", 2u#+hstretch*(4/3x_height#), x_height#, 2/3x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% left stroke
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=3/4h;
lft x3=w/2; bot y3=-d;
x2=0.8[x1,x3]; y2=0.5[y1,y3];
% right stroke
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; y4=y1;
x7=pcshiftx; y7=-d;
path p[];
p1=z1..z2..z3;
z6= (z7--z4) intersectionpoint p1;
x5=0.4[x6,x4]; y5=0.5[y6,y4];
% the dot
x8=x6; y8=h;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3;     % left stroke
draw z4{left}..z6;     % right stroke
draw_pdot(8,dot_size);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100);
endchar; % end "y"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{z}
% The letter `z'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter z";
beginchar("z", 2u#+hstretch*(4/3x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% bottom stroke
lft x4=pcshiftx; bot y4=0;
rt x6=w-pcshiftx; y6=y4;
x5=0.5[x4,x6]; y5=y4+thin;
% top stroke
x1=x4; top y1=h;
x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y3=y1;
x2=0.5[x1,x3]; top y2=h-thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3;    % top stroke
draw z4..z5..z6;    % bottom stroke
% the diagonal
pickup stylus;
draw z4--z3;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "z"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%    The end of this file
%    \begin{macrocode} 
%&lt;/min&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The code for capital letters}
%
%    Uncial `capitals' were drawn with the same pen as for the minuscules,
% and the letters were merely larger versions of the minuscules.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*maj&gt;
% UNCLU.MF Program file for uncial `capitals'
%

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{A}
% The letter `A'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter A";
beginchar("A", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx+sqxside/3; rt x2=lft x1+2/3sqxside;
y1=h; y2=0;
%  for the bowl
z3=3/4[z2,z1];
z5=3/16[z2,z1];
y4=1/10[y5,y3];
lft x4=pcshiftx;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);  % the stem
draw z3{-pdir}..z4{down}..{pdir}z5;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "A"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{B}
% The letter `B'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter B";
beginchar("B", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pair uncial; uncial=(qhor,0.5qvert);
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; y2=h/4;
x3=pcshiftx+sqxside/2; bot y3=0;
rt x4=pcshiftx+sqxside; y4=0.3h;
lft x5=x1; bot y5=h/2;
z5'=z5 + thick*uncial;
x6=x4-thick; y6=0.85h;
x7=x1; y7=0.9h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tlserif(1,2,srad);                             % the stem
draw z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..{-uncial}z5'--z5;   % bottom bowl
draw z5--z5'{uncial}..z6{up}..{-pdir}z7;              % top bowl
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,5',6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "B"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{C}
% The letter `C'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter C";
beginchar("C", u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u/2;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x5=x6=x3;
y5=0.2h; 
y6=0.75h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "C"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{D}
% The letter `D'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter D";
beginchar("D", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*(5/4x_height#), 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=4/5h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = side/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y1=y3=sqyside/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=sqyside; bot y4=0;
x5=x6=x3;
y5=0.2h; 
y6=0.75h;
rt x0=pcshiftx+0.5sqxside; top y0=sqyside;
lft x7=pcshiftx+0.5sqxside;
bot y7=sqyside;
lft x8=pcshiftx; y8=y7+thick;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z0{-pdir}..z1{down}..z4{right}..z3{up}..z7..z8;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "D"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{E}
% The letter `E'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter E";
beginchar("E", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x5=x6=x3;
y5=0.2h; 
y6=0.75h;
% the bar
x7=x1; y7=y1;
%%x8=x7+side+0.5thick; y8=y7;
x8=w-pcshiftx; y8=y7;
x10=x7; y10=y7+3thin;
numeric alpha; alpha:=0.5;  % dishing
x9=0.5[x8,x10]; y9=(0.5alpha)[y8,y10];
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6; % the bowl
pickup stylus;
filldraw z7--z8..z9..z10--cycle;      % the bar
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100);
endchar; % end "E"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{F}
% The letter `F'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter F";
beginchar("F", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(jut#+x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 
                                                     caprat*(2/3x_height#));
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; bot y2=-d/2;
x3=x4=x1; y3=h-thick; y4=0;
numeric rise, fall, fjut;
rise:=thick; fall:=0; fjut:=2/3sqxside;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_jstem(1,2,srad,d/2,d/2);
draw_flick(3,rise,fall,fjut);
draw_flick(4,rise,fall,fjut);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "F"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{G}
% The letter `G'. Like a `c' but with a small stem.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter G";
beginchar("G", u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u/2;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x5=x6=x3;
y5=0.2h; 
y6=0.75h;
lft x7=x5-thick; bot y7=y5-3thick;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6;  % the bowl
draw z5{down}..{-pdir}z7;              % the stem
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end "G"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{H}
% The letter `H'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter H";
beginchar("H", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(jut#+thick#+x_height#), caprat*asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h/2;  % asc_height is 2x_height !!!
sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = sqyside/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% center of circle
x99=w/2; y99=sqyside/2;
y3=y5=y99;
lft x3= pcshiftx; 
%%rt x5=x99+w-pcshiftx; 
x5 = x99 + (x99-x3);
x4=x6=x99; top y4=sqyside; bot y6 =0;
path pcirc; pcirc=z6..z5..z4..z3..cycle;
x1'=x2'=x1+0.5thick; y1'=h; y2'=0;
z7' = (z1'--z2') intersectionpoint (subpath(2,3) of pcirc);
x7=x1; y7=y7';
z99'=z99 - 500ppdir;
z8' = (z99--z99') intersectionpoint subpath(0,1) of pcirc;
x8=x8'; bot y8=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
  draw z1'--z2'; draw z99--z99'; draw pcirc;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);
draw z7{pdir}..z4{right}..z5{down}..{-pdir}z8;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,1',2,2',3,4,5,6,7,7',8,8',99,99',100);
endchar; % end "H"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{I}
% The letter `I'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter I";
beginchar("I", 2u#+hstretch*(thick#+2jut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=x2=w/2;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_istem(1,2,srad);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "I"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{J}
% The letter `J'. This letter was not in the script, it being a later invention.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter J";
beginchar("J", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(thick#+2jut#), caprat*x_height#, 
                                                   caprat*desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=x2=w/2;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_jstem(1,2,srad,2/3sqxside,desc_depth);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "J"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{K}
% The letter `K'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter K";
beginchar("K", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(jut#+4/3x_height#), caprat*asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h/2;  % asc_height = 2x_height !!!
sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = side/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% for the flick
numeric rise,fall,fjut;
x3=x1; y3=2/3side;
rise:=1/3sqyside; fall:=-rise/2; fjut:=sqxside; %% fjut:=2/3side;
% for the leg
x4=x3+0.25thick; y4=y3+0.5thick;
x5=x3+side; y5=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);
draw_flick(3,rise,fall,fjut);
draw_tstem(4,5,srad);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "K"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{L}
% The letter `l'. Like a high `i' but with a bottom bowl like the lower half
% of the `c'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter L";
beginchar("L", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), caprat*asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h/2; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx;
top y1=h; y2=h/4;
x3=0.5[x1,x4]; bot y3=0;
rt x4=w-u;
y4=0.1h;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_tlserif(1,2,srad);                    % the stem
draw z2{down}..z3{right}..{pdir}z4;   % the bowl
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "L"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{M}
% The letter `M'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter M";
beginchar("M", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(9/6x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=1/3sqxside; bot y1=0;
lft x2= pcshiftx; y2=h/2;
lft x4=pcshiftx+2/3sqxside; y4=2/3h;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; top y3=h;
x5=x4; y5=y1;
z6=z4;
numeric rise,fall,mjut;
rise=h-y6; fall=y6; mjut=w-pcshiftx-x6;
%%ductus:=true;
draw z1..z2{up}..z3{right}..{down}z4;      % left half
draw_tstem(4,5,srad);                      % middle stem
draw_hbowl(6,rise,fall,mjut);              % right half
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "M"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{N}
% The letter `N'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter N";
beginchar("N", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(jut#+x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 
                                                      caprat*(0.5x_height#));
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% left stem
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h;
x2=x1; y2=y1-thin;
numeric jjut, jdepth;
jjut=2jut; jdepth=y2+d-thin;
% right stem
rt x4=pcshiftx+sqxside; y4=y1;
x3=x4; bot y3=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_jcurve(1,srad,jjut,jdepth);    % left stem
draw_istem(4,3,srad);                  % right stem
draw z1--z3;                         % diagonal
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "N"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{O}
% The letter `O'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter O";
beginchar("O", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h+o; bot y4=-o;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "O"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{P}
% The letter `P'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter P";
beginchar("P", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 
                                                   caprat*x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u+jut;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h;
numeric jjut, jdepth;
jjut=1/3sqxside-thin; jdepth=h+d-thin;
% bowl
x2=x1; y2=3/4h; %% y2=2/3side;
rt x4=w-u;
lft x5=x1+thick; y5=0;
y4=0.4[y3,y5];
top y3=h; x3=0.5[x2,x4];
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_jcurve(1,srad,jjut,jdepth);  % stem
%%draw z2..z3{right}..z4{down}..{-pdir}z5; % bowl
draw z1a..z3{right}..z4{down}..{-pdir}z5; % bowl
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "P"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{Q}
% The letter `Q'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter Q";
beginchar("Q", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*x_height#, caprat*x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% right stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h;
numeric jjut, jdepth;
jjut=2jut; jdepth=h+d-thin;
x2=x1-jjut; y2=y1-jdepth;
% bowl
numeric rad; rad := w/2;
x0=w/2; y0=h/2;
lft x4=pcshiftx; y4=y0;
x3=x5=x0; top y3=h; bot y5=0;
x7=x0+rad; y7=y0;
path p[];
p1=z1{down}..{-pdir}z2;  % stem
p2=z4{down}..z5{right}..{up}z7;
z6'= p1 intersectionpoint p2;
rt x6=x6'; y6=y6';
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1{down}...{-pdir}z2;              % right stem
draw z1--z3..z4{down}..{right}z5..z6;    % bowl
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,6',7,100);
endchar; % end "Q"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{R}
% The letter `R'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter R";
beginchar("R", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(4/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 
                                                   caprat*(2/3x_height#));
adjust_fit(0,0);
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
pcshiftx := u+jut;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h;
numeric jjut, jdepth;
jjut=1/5sqxside; jdepth=h+d-thin;
% bowl
x2=x1; y2=3/4h; 
rt x4=pcshiftx+3/4sqxside;
lft x5=x1; bot y5=1/6h;
y4=0.4[y3,y5];
top y3=h; x3=0.5[x2,x4];
rt x7=w-u; y7=-thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_jcurve(1,srad,jjut,jdepth);          % stem
draw z1a..z3{right}..z4{down}..{-pdir}z5; % bowl
draw z5{-ppdir}..{right}z7;               % leg
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end "R"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{S}
% The letter `S'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter S";
beginchar("S", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(5/6x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h-thin;
x2=w/2; top y2=h;
lft x3=pcshiftx; y3=0.75h;
x4=w/2; y4=h/2;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=0.25h;
x6=w/2; bot y6=0;
lft x7= pcshiftx; bot y7 = thin;
path p[];
p1=z1..z2{left}..z3{down}..z4..z5{down}..z6{left}..z7;
pair vec[];
vec1= direction 0 of p1;
vec2= direction (length p1) of p1;
z11=z1 shifted vec1;
z17=z7 shifted -vec2;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
%%draw_serif(1,11,srad);
%%draw_serif(7,17,srad);
%%draw z1a..z2{left}..z3{down}..z4..z5{down}..z6{left}..z7a;
draw p1;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,11,17,100);
endchar; % end "S"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{T}
% The letter `T'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter T";
beginchar("T", u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u/2;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=x2=w/2;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
lft x3=pcshiftx; top y3=h-thin;
x4=x2; top y4=h;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; top y5=h+thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);
draw z3{pdir}..z4{right}..{pdir}z5;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "T"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{U}
% The letter `U'. This is a modern version as the font did not have a U.
% It uses part of the left half of the W.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter U";
beginchar("U", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% left half first
lft x6=pcshiftx+thick;
top y6=h;
lft x7=pcshiftx; y7=h/2;
x8=pcshiftx+0.5sqxside; bot y8=0;
% the stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx-jut; y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
% a construction point for the curved part
x5=x1+sqxside-thick; y5=y6;
path p[];
p1=z1--z2;
p2=z6..z7{down}..z8{right}..z5;
z9= p2 intersectionpoint p1;
pair vec[];
vec2 = direction 0 of p2;
z16=z6 shifted vec2;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_serif(6,16,srad);                      % left half
draw z6a..z7{down}..z8{right}..z9;  
draw_istem(1,2,srad);                       % right stem
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,16,100);
endchar; % end "U"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{V}
% The letter `V'. The right half of the `w' is used for the `v' (or vice-versa
% if you prefer).
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter V";
beginchar("V", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% right side first
numeric midx; midx:= pcshiftx;
lft x1=midx+jut; top y1=h;
lft x2=midx; y2=h/2;
rt x4=midx+sqxside; y4=y2;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0;
x5=x4-thick; y5=y1;
path p[];
p1=z1..z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;
pair vec[];
vec1 = direction 0 of p1;
z11=z1 shifted vec1;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_serif(1,11,srad);                      % right half
draw z1a..z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;  
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,11,100);
endchar; % end "V"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{W}
% The letter `W'. This is a modern version as the font did not have a W.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter W";
beginchar("W", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(5/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% right side first
numeric midx; midx:= pcshiftx+2/3sqxside;
lft x1=midx+jut; top y1=h;
lft x2=midx; y2=h/2;
rt x4=midx+sqxside; y4=y2;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0;
x5=x4-thick; y5=y1;
path p[];
p1=z1..z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;
% left side
lft x6=pcshiftx+thick;
y6=y1;
lft x7=pcshiftx; y7=y2;
x8=pcshiftx+0.5sqxside; y8=y3;
p2=z6..z7{down}..z8{right}..(z5 shifted -pdir);
z9= p2 intersectionpoint p1;
pair vec[];
vec1 = direction 0 of p1;
vec2 = direction 0 of p2;
z11=z1 shifted vec1;
z16=z6 shifted vec2;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_serif(1,11,srad);                      % right half
draw z1a..z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;  
draw_serif(6,16,srad);                      % left half
draw z6a..z7{down}..z8{right}..z9;  
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,16,100);
endchar; % end "W"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{X}
% The letter `X'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter X";
beginchar("X", u#+caprat*hstretch*(5/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 
                                                   caprat*(1/3x_height#));
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := 0;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% thick diagonal
lft x1=pcshiftx+1/2sqxside; rt x2=w-jut;
y1=h; y2=0;
% thin diagonal
lft x3=pcshiftx; bot y3=-d;
z4=z3 shifted (jut*right);
z5=z4 shifted (jut*pdir);
rt x8=w-pcshiftx; top y8=h;
z7=z8 shifted (jut*left);
z6=z7 shifted (-jut*pdir);
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);            % thick diagonal
draw z3---z4..z5---z6..z7---z8;  % thin diagonal
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "X"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{Y}
% The letter `Y'. This has a dot on top!
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter Y";
beginchar("Y", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(4/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 2/3caprat*x_height#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% left stroke
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=3/4h;
lft x3=w/2; bot y3=-d;
x2=0.8[x1,x3]; y2=0.5[y1,y3];
% right stroke
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; y4=y1;
x7=pcshiftx; y7=-d;
path p[];
p1=z1..z2..z3;
z6= (z7--z4) intersectionpoint p1;
x5=0.4[x6,x4]; y5=0.5[y6,y4];
% the dot
x8=x6; y8=h;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3;     % left stroke
draw z4{left}..z6;     % right stroke
draw_pdot(8,dot_size);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100);
endchar; % end "Y"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{Z}
% The letter `Z'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial letter Z";
beginchar("Z", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(4/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
sqyside:=h; sqxside:=hstretch*sqyside;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
% bottom stroke
lft x4=pcshiftx; bot y4=0;
rt x6=w-pcshiftx; y6=y4;
x5=0.5[x4,x6]; y5=y4+thin;
% top stroke
x1=x4; top y1=h;
x3=pcshiftx+sqxside; y3=y1;
x2=0.5[x1,x3]; top y2=h-thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3;    % top stroke
draw z4..z5..z6;    % bottom stroke
% the diagonal
pickup stylus;
draw z4--z3;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "Z"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%
%    The end of this file
%    \begin{macrocode} 
%&lt;/maj&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%
% \subsection{The punctuation file}
%
% The main punctuation marks are defined in this file.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*punct&gt;
% UNCLPUNCT.MF This file contains punctuation marks

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{,}
%    The `,' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Comma";
beginchar(",",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+dot_size#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=w-pcshiftx-(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=h/2;
draw_pcomma(1,dot_size,comma_width);
penlabels(1); 
endchar; % end of ","

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{.}
%    The `.' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Period";
beginchar(".",2u#+hstretch*(dot_size#),x_height#,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=w/2; y1=h/2;
draw_pdot(1,dot_size);
penlabels(1); 
endchar; % end of "."

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{:}
%    The `:' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Colon";
beginchar(":",2u#+hstretch*(dot_size#),x_height#,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=x2=w/2; y1=2/3h; y2=1/3h;
draw_pdot(1,dot_size);
draw_pdot(2,dot_size);
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end ":"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{;}
%    The `;' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Semicolon";
beginchar(";",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+dot_size#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=x2=w-pcshiftx-(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=2/3h; y2=1/3h;
draw_pdot(1,dot_size);
draw_pcomma(2,dot_size,comma_width);
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of ";"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{'}
%    The `'' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Apostrophe";
beginchar("'",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+dot_size#),4/3x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=w-pcshiftx-(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=h;
draw_pcomma(1,dot_size,comma_width);
penlabels(1); 
endchar;  % end of "'"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{`}
%    The ``' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Reverse apostrophe";
beginchar("`",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+dot_size#),4/3x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=pcshiftx+(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=h;
draw_plq(1,dot_size,comma_width);
penlabels(1); 
endchar;  % end of "`"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% The end of this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;/punct&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The ligatures and dashes file}
%
%    The ligatured punctuation marks and dashes are defined in this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*lig&gt;
% UNCLLIG.MF Uncial ligatured punctation and dashes

%    \end{macrocode}
%  First the ligtables.
%    \begin{macrocode}

ligtable "`": "`"=:oct"134";
ligtable "'": "'"=:oct"042"; %% , "?" kern 2u#, "!" kern 2u#;

ligtable "-": "-"=:oct"173";
ligtable oct"173": "-"=:oct"174";

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{routine}{''}
%   The `''' ligature.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial closing quotes";
beginchar(oct"042",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+3dot_size#),4/3x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=w-pcshiftx-(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=y2=h;
x2=x1-(2hstretch*dot_size);
draw_pcomma(1,dot_size,comma_width);  % right
draw_pcomma(2,dot_size,comma_width);  % left
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "''"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{``}
%   The ```' ligature.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial opening quotes";
beginchar(oct"134",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+3dot_size#),4/3x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=pcshiftx+(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=y2=h;
x2=x1+(2hstretch*dot_size);
draw_plq(1,dot_size,comma_width); % left
draw_plq(2,dot_size,comma_width); % right
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "``"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{-}
%   The `-' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial hyphen";
beginchar("-",u#+hstretch*(0.8x_height#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u/2;
pickup quill;
lft x1 = pcshiftx; rt x2=w-pcshiftx; y1=y2=h/2;
draw z1--z2;  % bar
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "-"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{--}
%   The -- ligature. 
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial en dash";
beginchar(oct"173",u#+hstretch*(x_height#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u/2;
pickup quill;
lft x1 = pcshiftx; rt x2=w-pcshiftx; y1=y2=h/2;
draw z1--z2;  % bar
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "--"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{---}
%   The `---' ligature. The em dash is twice the width of the en dash.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial em dash";
beginchar(oct"174",u#+hstretch*(2x_height#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u/2;
pickup quill;
lft x1 = pcshiftx; rt x2=w-pcshiftx; y1=y2=h/2;
draw z1--z2;  % bar
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "---"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% The end of this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;/lig&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{The digits file}
%
%    These are arabic digits in the style of the book-hand. They are a
% modern invention.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*dig&gt;
% UNCLDIG.MF  Program file for Uncial digits
%

%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
% \begin{routine}{1}
% The digit `1'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 1";
beginchar("1", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
x1=x2=w/2;
y1=h; bot y2=0;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "1"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{2}
% The digit `2'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 2";
beginchar("2", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=pcshiftx+o; top y1=h-2thin;
x2=1/2w; top y2= h+o;
rt x3=w-pcshiftx-o; y3=3/4h;
% foot
lft x5=pcshiftx; bot y5=0;
rt x6=w-pcshiftx; y6=y5;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_wave(5,6,thin);                          % foot
draw z1..z2{right}..z3{down}..{-pdir}z5wl;    % curve
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "2"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{3}
% The digit `3'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 3";
beginchar("3", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% x values
lft x3=pcshiftx; x10=x3;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; x8=x5-3thin;
x4=0.5[x3,x5];
x9=0.5[x10,x8];
lft x6=pcshiftx+3thin; x7=x6;
% y values
bot y3=thin; top y10=h-2thin;
y6=0.5[y3,y10]; y7=y6;
bot y4=-thin; top y9=h+thin;
y5=0.5[y3,y6];
y8=11/12[y7,y10];
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z3..z4{right}..z5{up}...{-pdir}z6;                 % bottom bowl
draw z7{pdir}..z8{up}..z9{left}..z10;                   % top bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100);
endchar; % end "3"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{4}
% The digit `4'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 4";
beginchar("4", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% the stem
x1=x2=w-pcshiftx-jut;
y1=h; bot y2=0;
% the crossbar
lft x3=pcshiftx; y3=0.33h;
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; y4=y3;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);              % main stem
draw_wave(3,4,thin);               % crossbar
draw z3wl--z1;                     % diagonal
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "4"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%
% \begin{routine}{5}
% The digit `5'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 5";
beginchar("5", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% for the top
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h;
lft x2=pcshiftx; y2=y1;
% the S curve
x3=x2; y3=0.5h+thin;
x4=0.5[x1,x3]; y4=0.5[y3,y5];
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=0.3h;
x6=w/2; bot y6=0;
lft x7=pcshiftx; bot y7=2thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_wave(2,1,thin);                      % top squiggle
draw z3{pdir}..z5{down}..z6{left}..z7;    % curve
draw z2wl--z3;                            % vertical
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end "5"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{6}
% The digit `6'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 6";
beginchar("6", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h-2thin;
x2=1/2w; top y2= h;
lft x3=pcshiftx; y3=1/2h;
x4=x2; bot y4=0;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=1/4h;
lft x6=rt x3; bot y6=y3;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2{left}..z3{down}..z4{right}..z5{up}..{-pdir}z6;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "6"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{7}
% The digit `7'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 7";
beginchar("7", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% top bar
lft x1=pcshiftx;
rt x2=w-pcshiftx;
top y1=top y2=h;
% bowed leg
x4=w/2; bot y4=0;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]-3thin; y3=0.5[y2,y4];
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_wave(1,2,thin);         % top bar
draw z1wr..z3..z4;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "7"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{8}
% The digit `8'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 8";
beginchar("8", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha; alpha:=1;
pickup quill;
lft x1=alpha*pcshiftx+o; rt x3=w-alpha*pcshiftx-o; y1=y3=3/4h;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h+o; bot y4=-o;
x5=x2; y5=h/2+2o;
lft x11=pcshiftx; rt x13=w-pcshiftx; y11=y13=1/4h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3..z5..z11..z4..z13..z5..cycle;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,11,13,100);
endchar; % end "8"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{9}
% The digit `9'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 9";
beginchar("9", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; bot y1=2thin;
x2=1/2w; bot y2= 0;
rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y3=1/2h;
x4=x2; top y4=h;
lft x5=pcshiftx; y5=3/4h;
rt x6=lft x3; top y6=y3;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2{right}..z3{up}..z4{left}..z5{down}..{pdir}z6;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "9"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{0}
% The digit `0'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 0";
beginchar("0", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h+o; bot y4=-o;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "0"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%
%
% The end of this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;/dig&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{The font definition files} \label{sec:fd}
%
%    The font comes in normal and bold weights only.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*fdot1&gt;
\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{uncl}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{m}{n}{ &lt;-8.5&gt; uncl7 &lt;8.5-15&gt; uncl10 &lt;15-&gt; uncl17 }{} 
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{m}{sl}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{m}{it}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{m}{sc}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{m}{u}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{bx}{n}{ &lt;-8.5&gt; unclb7 &lt;8.5-15&gt; unclb10 &lt;15-&gt; unclb17 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{bx}{it}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/bx/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{bx}{sl}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/bx/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{uncl}{b}{n}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/bx/n }{}
%&lt;/fdot1&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*fdt1&gt;
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{uncl}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{m}{n}{ &lt;-8.5&gt; uncl7 &lt;8.5-15&gt; uncl10 &lt;15-&gt; uncl17 }{} 
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{m}{sl}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{m}{it}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{m}{sc}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{m}{u}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{bx}{n}{ &lt;-8.5&gt; unclb7 &lt;8.5-15&gt; unclb10 &lt;15-&gt; unclb17 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{bx}{it}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/bx/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{bx}{sl}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/bx/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{uncl}{b}{n}{ &lt;-&gt; sub * uncl/bx/n }{}
%&lt;/fdt1&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{The package code} \label{sec:code}
%
% \subsection{The \Lpack{uncial} package}
%
%    The \Lpack{uncial} package is for typesetting short pieces of text
% in the Uncial fonts.
%
%    Announce the name and version of the package, which requires
% \LaTeXe{}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*usc&gt;
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{uncial}[1999/05/15 v1.1 package for uncial fonts]
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\Tienc}
%  A  macro for testing the value of |\encodingdefault|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\Tienc}{T1}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{\unclfamily}
%    Selects the Uncial font family in the OT1 or T1 encoding.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\Tienc\encodingdefault
  \newcommand{\unclfamily}{\usefont{T1}{uncl}{m}{n}}
\else
  \newcommand{\unclfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{uncl}{m}{n}}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textuncl}
%    Text command for the Uncial font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textuncl}{\unclfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%    The end of this package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;/usc&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{The \Lpack{alluncl} package}
%
%    The \Lpack{alluncl} package is intended for use when the entire document
% will be typeset in the book-hand. This is a minimal package. Because the
% book-hand should not contain arabic digits a fuller package would redefine
% anything numbered in \LaTeX{} to use roman instead of arabic numbering.
% Also, because of the large |\baselineskip| many other aspects of \LaTeX{}
% to do with vertical positioning should also be redefined. 
%
%
%    Announce the name and version of the package, which requires
% \LaTeXe{}. It also uses the \Lpack{uncial} package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;*uscall&gt;
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{alluncl}[1999/05/15 v1.1 package for all Uncial fonts]
\RequirePackage{uncial}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\Tienc}
%  A  macro for testing the value of |\encodingdefault|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\Tienc}{T1}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%  Redefine the default fonts to be Uncial, which has only one family 
% member.
% \begin{macro}{\rmdefault}
% \begin{macro}{\sfdefault}
% \begin{macro}{\ttdefault}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{uncl}
\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{uncl}
\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{uncl}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% The `leading' in the book-hand is the same as the |x-height|, which is much
% greater than for the CMR fonts. I have borrowed code from Frank Jensen's
% \Lpack{beton} package~\cite{BETON} to do this.
%
% \begin{macro}{\uncial@baselineskip@table}
% A table of the normal font sizes and the corresponding baselineskip.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\uncial@baselineskip@table}{%
  &lt;\@vpt&gt;9.5%
  &lt;\@vipt&gt;11.4%
  &lt;\@viipt&gt;13.3%
  &lt;\@viiipt&gt;15.2%
  &lt;\@xpt&gt;19%
  &lt;\@xipt&gt;20.9%
  &lt;\@xiipt&gt;22.8%
  &lt;\@xivpt&gt;27.36%
  &lt;\@xviipt&gt;23.3%
  &lt;\@xxpt&gt;38%
  &lt;\@xxvpt&gt;47.5}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\uncial@new@setfontsize}
%  This is a macro that replaces the |\@setfontsize| macro which is called by
% the font size changing commands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\uncial@new@setfontsize}[3]{%
  \edef\@tempa{\def\noexpand\@tempb####1&lt;#2}%
  \@tempa&gt;##2&lt;##3\@nil{\def\uncial@baselineskip@value{##2}}%
  \edef\@tempa{\noexpand\@tempb\uncial@baselineskip@table&lt;#2}%
  \@tempa&gt;&lt;\@nil
  \ifx\uncial@baselineskip@value\@empty
    \def\uncial@baselineskip@value{#3}%
  \fi
  \uncial@old@setfontsize{#1}{#2}\uncial@baselineskip@value}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% We had better give an author a means of using The Computer Modern fonts
% if necessary.
%
% \begin{macro}{\cmrfamily}
% \begin{macro}{\cmssfamily}
% \begin{macro}{\cmttfamily}
%    These macros select the Computer Modern Roman, Sans, and Typewriter 
% font families in either the T1 or OT1 encodings.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\Tienc\encodingdefault
  \providecommand{\cmrfamily}{\usefont{T1}{cmr}{m}{n}}
  \providecommand{\cmssfamily}{\usefont{T1}{cmss}{m}{n}}
  \providecommand{\cmttfamily}{\usefont{T1}{cmtt}{m}{n}}
\else
  \providecommand{\cmrfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}}
  \providecommand{\cmssfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{cmss}{m}{n}}
  \providecommand{\cmttfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{cmtt}{m}{n}}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textcmr}
%    Text command for the Computer Modern Roman font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcmr}{\cmrfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textcmss}
%    Text command for the Computer Modern Sans font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcmss}{\cmssfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textcmtt}
%    Text command for the Computer Modern Typewriter font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcmtt}{\cmttfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% At the start of the document, change the |\@setfontsize| macro and call
% the normal font to implement the change.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \let\uncial@old@setfontsize=\@setfontsize
  \let\@setfontsize=\uncial@new@setfontsize}
\AtBeginDocument{\normalsize}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%    The end of this package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%&lt;/uscall&gt;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%
% \bibliographystyle{alpha}
% \renewcommand{\refname}{Bibliography}
% \begin{thebibliography}{GMS94}
% \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}
%
% \bibitem[And69]{ANDERSON69}
% Donald M.~Anderson.
% \newblock {\em The Art of Written Forms: The Theory and Practice of Calligraphy}.
% \newblock Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.
%
% \bibitem[Bol95]{BOLOGNA95}
% Giulia Bologna.
% \newblock {\em Illuminated Manuscripts: The Book before Gutenberg}.
% \newblock Crescent Books, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Day95]{DAY95}
% Lewis F.~Day.
% \newblock {\em Alphabets Old \&amp; New}.
% \newblock (3rd edition originally published by B.~T.~Batsford, 1910) 
% \newblock Senate, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Dro80]{DROGIN80}
% Marc Drogin.
% \newblock {\em Medieval Calligraphy: Its History and Technique}.
% \newblock Allenheld, Osmun \&amp; Co., 1980.
%
% \bibitem[Dru95]{DRUCKER95}
% Johanna Drucker.
% \newblock {\em The Alphabetic Labyrinth}.
% \newblock Thames \&amp; Hudson, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Fir93]{FIRMAGE93}
% Richard A.~Firmage.
% \newblock {\em The Alphabet Abecedarium}.
% \newblock David R~Goodine, 1993.
%
% \bibitem[Har95]{HARRIS95}
% David Harris.
% \newblock {\em The Art of Calligraphy}.
% \newblock DK Publishing, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Jen95]{BETON}
% Frank Jensen.
% \newblock {\em The BETON package}.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in \texttt{macros/latex/contrib/supported}). 
% \newblock 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Joh71]{JOHNSTON75}
% Edward Johnston (ed. Heather Child).
% \newblock {\em Formal Penship and Other Papers}.
% \newblock Penthalic, 1971.
%
% \bibitem[Knu87]{CM}
% Donald E.~Knuth.
% \newblock {\em Computer Modern Typefaces}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley, 1987.
%
% \bibitem[Knu92]{METAFONT}
% Donald E.~Knuth.
% \newblock {\em The METAFONTbook}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley, 1992.
%
% \bibitem[GMS94]{GOOSSENS94}
% Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
% \newblock {\em The LaTeX Companion}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.
%
% \bibitem[Tho75]{THOMAS75}
% Alan G.~Thomas.
% \newblock {\em Great Books and Book Collectors}.
% \newblock Weidenfield and Nichoson, 1975.
%
% \bibitem[Wil99]{DOCMFP}
% Peter R.~Wilson.
% \newblock {\em The DOCMFP Package}.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in \texttt{macros/latex/contrib/supported}). 
% \newblock 1999.
%
% \bibitem[Wil99b]{ROMANNUM}
% Peter R.~Wilson.
% \newblock {\em The ROMANNUM Package}.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in \texttt{macros/latex/contrib/supported}). 
% \newblock 1999.
%
% \end{thebibliography}
%
%
% \Finale
% \PrintIndex
%
\endinput

%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&amp;
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \&lt;
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \&gt;     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}


</pre></body></html>