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The package EASYBIB

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The package EASYBIB introduces new items for easy custom-made bibliographies.


Contents

The package EASYBIB

The scheme of the bibliography in the package EASYBIB was inspired by the bibliography system of AMS-TEX. For the sake of flexibility, the syntax is somewhat different, yet the functionality is similar (although not identical). For the use, load the package using the usual syntax: 
  
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[definethebibliography]{easybib}
  .
  .
The option \definethebibliography overrides the default thebibliography environment. In this case the environment thebibliography takes the form: 
  
  \begin{thebibliography}``[optional name]''
                         ``(\cmd,space)''{99}
  .
  .
  .
  \end{thebibliography}
so that you can override the default name \refname with the name of your choice, you can change the default \section* with \cmd and add extra space space in front of the items. The syntax of the bibliography command is now the following 


\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bookref{label name}
  \by        Author(s) name
  \bysame
  \title     Title of the book
  \bookinfo  ...
  \publ      publisher
  \publaddr  publisher address
  \pages     pages number
  \yr        year
  \lang      ...
  \transl    ...
\endref

\paperref{label name}
  \by        Author(s) name
  \bysame
  \title     Title of the book
  \transl    ...
  \jour      Journal name
  \toappear  ...
  \inbook    ...
  \publ      publisher
  \eds       ...
  \publaddr  publisher address
  \vol       volume
  \yr        year
  \pages     number of pages
  \finalinfo ...
  \lang      ...
\endref

\end{thebibliography}

the command 

  \bookref``[display label]''{label} ... \endref
is used to refer to a book, while 
  \paperref``[display label]''{label} ... \endref
is used to refer to a paper.

When an item, for example \xxx, is encountered then the following text is expanded as follows 

  \xxx+text ==> punctation + 
                begin commands + 
		text + 
		end commands
where the punctation is displayed unless \xxx is the first displayed item. The default values for the items in the \bookref environment are the following

command punctation begin commands end commands
\by , \bfseries nothing
\bysame , $\vcenter{\vskip.5em\hbox{\verb*'\hbox to3em'}\vskip.2em \hbox{\verb*'{\hrulefill\hskip.1em}'}\vskip.5em}$ nothing
\title , \scshape nothing
\bookinfo , \rmfamily nothing
\publ , \rmfamily nothing
\publaddr , \rmfamily nothing
\pages , \rmfamily nothing
\yr , \rmfamily nothing
\lang nothing ( )
\transl , \rmfamily nothing

The default values for the items in the \paperref environment are the following

command punctation begin commands end commands
\by , \bfseries nothing
\bysame , $\vcenter{\vskip.5em\hbox{\verb*'\hbox to3em'}\vskip.2em \hbox{\verb*'{\hrulefill'}\vskip.2em \hbox{\verb*' \hskip.1em}'}\vskip.5em} $ nothing
\title , \itshape nothing
\transl , \rmfamily nothing
\jour , \rmfamily nothing
\toappear nothing (to appear )
\inbook , \rmfamily nothing
\publ , \rmfamily nothing
\eds nothing ( \@killglue, eds.)
\publaddr , \rmfamily nothing
\vol nothing \bfseries nothing
\yr nothing ( )
\pages , \rmfamily nothing
\finalinfo , \rmfamily nothing
\lang nothing ( )

The command \moreref

In the case of more than one reference of the same author or in the case of a series of papers or books on the same argument, it may be useful to use the \moreref command. The syntax is the following 
  \paperref{label name} or \bookref{label name}
  items
  \moreref`[punctation]'{book or paper}
  items
  \moreref`[punctation]'{book or paper}
  .
  .    
  \endref
The effect is to use a single label reference for more than one book or paper. The optional command ``[punctation]'' can be used to change the default punctation ``;'' to something else, for example you can use \moreref[, see also:]{book}.

The command \endref

The command \endref closes the definition of a reference. By default the reference is closed by the semicolum ;. It is possible to change the default value as follows 
  \endref[punctation], for example \endref[.]
This is useful for the last reference, for example 


\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bookref{aaa}
\by     J. Free
\title  A book title
\publ   A publisher
\yr     1970
\endref

\bookref{bbb}
\by     B. New
\title  Another book title
\publ   Another publisher
\yr     1992
\endref

\bookref{ccc}
\by     C. Old
\title  Yet another book title
\publ   Again a publisher
\yr     1986
\endref[.]

\end{thebibliography}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.2} }\end{center}

The command \refstyle

There are many styles for display the labels of the bibliography. The standard LATEX way of changing the appearance is to modify the \@bibitem macro. A easiest way in EASYBIB is to use \refstyle before \begin{thebibliography}. The syntax is the following: 
  \refstyle{A} or \refstyle{B}  or  \refstyle{C}
the effect is to change \@bibitem as follows

command \@bibitem definition sample output
\refstyle{A} \def\@bibitem#1{#1.} 1.
\refstyle{B} \def\@bibitem#1{[#1]} [1]
\refstyle{C} \def\@bibitem#1{} nothing

An example of bibliography from AMS-TEX documentation

The following complex example shows the features of easybib and is essentially the example showed in the AMS-TEX documentation translated in the language of easybib. 


\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bookref{abc}
\by    V. I. Arnol$'$d, A. N. Varchenko,
       and S. M. Guse\u\i n-Zade
\title Singularities of differentiable maps.~{\rm I}
\publ  ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow
\yr    1982
\lang  Russian
\endref

\bookref{def}
\bysame
\title Singularities of differentiable maps.~{\rm II}
\publ  ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow
\yr    1984
\lang  Russian
\endref

\bookref{ghi}
\by    O. A. Ladyzhenskaya
\title Mathematical problems in the dynamics of a
       viscous incompressible fluid
\bookinfo 2nd rev. aug. ed.
\publ  ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow
\yr    1970
\lang  Russian
\transl English transl. of 1st ed.
\moreref{book}
\title The mathematical theory of viscous
       incompressible flow
\publ  Gordon and Breach \publaddr New York
\yr    1963; rev. 1969
\endref



\bigskip

\paperref{bib:4}
\by     P. D. Lax and C. D. Levermore
\title  The small dispersion limit for
        the KdV equation.~{\rm I}
\jour   Comm. Pure Appl. Math.
\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 253--290
\finalinfo (overview)
\moreref[, see also:]{paper}
\title  {\rm II}
\jour   Comm. Pure Appl. Math.
\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 571--594
\moreref[, see also:]{paper}
\title  {\rm III}
\jour   Comm. Pure Appl. Math.
\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 809--829
\endref

\paperref{bib:5}
\by     S. Osher
\title  Shock capturing algorithms for
        equations of mixed type
\inbook Numerical Methods for Partial
        Differential Equations
\eds    S. I. Hariharan and T. H. Moulton
\publ Longman \publaddr New York
\yr 1986 \pages 305--322
\endref

\paperref{bib:6}
\by     G. S. Petrov
\title  Elliptic integrals and their
        nonoscillatory behavior
\jour   Funktsional. Anal. i Pri\-lo\-zhen.
\vol 20 \yr 1986 \pages 46--49
\moreref{paper}
\transl English transl. in Functional
        Anal. Appl. \vol 20\yr 1986
\endref[.]

\end{thebibliography}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.3.tex} }\end{center} 


\refstyle{B}

\begin{thebibliography}{AAAA}

\bookref[C1]{C1}
\by     B. Coomes
\title  Polynomial flows, symmetry groups, and
        conditions sufficient for injectivity of maps
\bookinfo Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Nebraska--Lincoln
\yr 1988
\endref

\paperref[C2]{C2}
\bysame % B. Coomes
\title The Lorenz system does not have
       a polynomial flow
\jour  J. Differential Equations
\toappear
\endref

\paperref[GHMR]{GHMR}
\by    J. Guckenheimer, P. Holmes,
       M. Martineau, and L. P. Robinson
\title Nonlinear oscillations, dynamical systems, and
       bifurcations of vector fields
\publ Springer-Verlag \publaddr New York
\yr 1983
\endref[.]

\end{thebibliography}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.4} }\end{center}

Modifying the appearance

You can control the default formats by the command 
  \bibsetfmt[group name,item]{punctation}
                             {begin commands}
                             {end commands}
for example 
  \bibsetfmt[paper,by]{,}{\textit}{:}
This way you can easily modify the appearance of the bibliography.

Changing the order of the items

The order of the items: 
  for `paper' group:
  by,bysame,title,transl,jour,toappear,
  inbook,publ,eds,publaddr,vol,
  yr,pages,finalinfo,lang
  
  for `book' group:
  by,bysame,title,bookinfo,publ,publaddr,
  pages,yr,lang,transl
can be changed defining the macro \paperlist and \booklist. For example to have the yr item displayed after pages item in the paper group define: 
  \def\paperlist{by,bysame,title,transl,jour,%
                 toappear,inbook,publ,eds,%
		 publaddr,vol,pages,yr,%
		 finalinfo,lang}

Citing

The following segment of code 


\citestyle{A}
Cite mode A \cite{book:1,art:1,art:2}. \\
\citestyle{B}
Cite mode B \cite{book:1,art:1,art:2}. \\
\citestyle{C}
Cite mode C \cite{book:1,art:1,art:2}.

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.5} }\end{center}

for the previous bibliography

Defining new styles

If you do not like the predefined styles paper and book you can easily define new ones. For example suppose you want to define a new style tales with the item \author, \title, \year with:

* \author
in smallcaps style surrounded by a box

* \title
in italic style

* \year
in bold style within (...)

you must follow the following steps

* define the list of items
  \def\taleslist{author,title,year}

* define the command \talesref with the items
  \bibdefinestyles{tales}
it defines the items \author, \title, \year with the default format and the command \talesref.

* change the default formatting
  \bibsetfmt[tales,author]
    {,}
    {\setbox0\hbox\bgroup\scshape}
    {\egroup\fbox{\box0}}
  \bibsetfmt[tales,title]{}{\itshape}{}
  \bibsetfmt[tales,year]{}{\bfseries(}{)}

The following example (which uses [definethebibliography]) shows the effect: 


\def\taleslist{author,title,year}
\bibdefinestyles{tales}
\bibsetfmt[tales,author]{,}
  {\setbox0\hbox\bgroup\scshape}
  {\egroup\fbox{\box0}}
\bibsetfmt[tales,title]{}{\itshape}{}
\bibsetfmt[tales,year]{}{\bfseries(}{)}

\begin{thebibliography}[Tales](\section*,1cm){99}
   \talesref{A}
      \author Isaac Asimov
      \title  Nemesis
      \year   1989
   \endref
   \talesref{B}
      \author Roger Zelazny
      \title  Nove principi in ambra
      \year   1970
   \endref
   \talesref{C}
      \author Dean R. Koontz
      \title  Strangers
      \year   1986
   \endref[.]
\end{thebibliography}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.6} }\end{center}

About this document ...

The package EASYBIB

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 docbib

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
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The package EASYBIB

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The package EASYBIB introduces new items for easy custom-made bibliographies.


Contents

The package EASYBIB

The scheme of the bibliography in the package EASYBIB was inspired by the bibliography system of AMS-TEX. For the sake of flexibility, the syntax is somewhat different, yet the functionality is similar (although not identical). For the use, load the package using the usual syntax: 
  
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[definethebibliography]{easybib}
  .
  .
The option \definethebibliography overrides the default thebibliography environment. In this case the environment thebibliography takes the form: 
  
  \begin{thebibliography}``[optional name]''
                         ``(\cmd,space)''{99}
  .
  .
  .
  \end{thebibliography}
so that you can override the default name \refname with the name of your choice, you can change the default \section* with \cmd and add extra space space in front of the items. The syntax of the bibliography command is now the following 


\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bookref{label name}
  \by        Author(s) name
  \bysame
  \title     Title of the book
  \bookinfo  ...
  \publ      publisher
  \publaddr  publisher address
  \pages     pages number
  \yr        year
  \lang      ...
  \transl    ...
\endref

\paperref{label name}
  \by        Author(s) name
  \bysame
  \title     Title of the book
  \transl    ...
  \jour      Journal name
  \toappear  ...
  \inbook    ...
  \publ      publisher
  \eds       ...
  \publaddr  publisher address
  \vol       volume
  \yr        year
  \pages     number of pages
  \finalinfo ...
  \lang      ...
\endref

\end{thebibliography}

the command 

  \bookref``[display label]''{label} ... \endref
is used to refer to a book, while 
  \paperref``[display label]''{label} ... \endref
is used to refer to a paper.

When an item, for example \xxx, is encountered then the following text is expanded as follows 

  \xxx+text ==> punctation + 
                begin commands + 
		text + 
		end commands
where the punctation is displayed unless \xxx is the first displayed item. The default values for the items in the \bookref environment are the following

command punctation begin commands end commands
\by , \bfseries nothing
\bysame , $\vcenter{\vskip.5em\hbox{\verb*'\hbox to3em'}\vskip.2em \hbox{\verb*'{\hrulefill\hskip.1em}'}\vskip.5em}$ nothing
\title , \scshape nothing
\bookinfo , \rmfamily nothing
\publ , \rmfamily nothing
\publaddr , \rmfamily nothing
\pages , \rmfamily nothing
\yr , \rmfamily nothing
\lang nothing ( )
\transl , \rmfamily nothing

The default values for the items in the \paperref environment are the following

command punctation begin commands end commands
\by , \bfseries nothing
\bysame , $\vcenter{\vskip.5em\hbox{\verb*'\hbox to3em'}\vskip.2em \hbox{\verb*'{\hrulefill'}\vskip.2em \hbox{\verb*' \hskip.1em}'}\vskip.5em} $ nothing
\title , \itshape nothing
\transl , \rmfamily nothing
\jour , \rmfamily nothing
\toappear nothing (to appear )
\inbook , \rmfamily nothing
\publ , \rmfamily nothing
\eds nothing ( \@killglue, eds.)
\publaddr , \rmfamily nothing
\vol nothing \bfseries nothing
\yr nothing ( )
\pages , \rmfamily nothing
\finalinfo , \rmfamily nothing
\lang nothing ( )

The command \moreref

In the case of more than one reference of the same author or in the case of a series of papers or books on the same argument, it may be useful to use the \moreref command. The syntax is the following 
  \paperref{label name} or \bookref{label name}
  items
  \moreref`[punctation]'{book or paper}
  items
  \moreref`[punctation]'{book or paper}
  .
  .    
  \endref
The effect is to use a single label reference for more than one book or paper. The optional command ``[punctation]'' can be used to change the default punctation ``;'' to something else, for example you can use \moreref[, see also:]{book}.

The command \endref

The command \endref closes the definition of a reference. By default the reference is closed by the semicolum ;. It is possible to change the default value as follows 
  \endref[punctation], for example \endref[.]
This is useful for the last reference, for example 


\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bookref{aaa}
\by     J. Free
\title  A book title
\publ   A publisher
\yr     1970
\endref

\bookref{bbb}
\by     B. New
\title  Another book title
\publ   Another publisher
\yr     1992
\endref

\bookref{ccc}
\by     C. Old
\title  Yet another book title
\publ   Again a publisher
\yr     1986
\endref[.]

\end{thebibliography}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.2} }\end{center}

The command \refstyle

There are many styles for display the labels of the bibliography. The standard LATEX way of changing the appearance is to modify the \@bibitem macro. A easiest way in EASYBIB is to use \refstyle before \begin{thebibliography}. The syntax is the following: 
  \refstyle{A} or \refstyle{B}  or  \refstyle{C}
the effect is to change \@bibitem as follows

command \@bibitem definition sample output
\refstyle{A} \def\@bibitem#1{#1.} 1.
\refstyle{B} \def\@bibitem#1{[#1]} [1]
\refstyle{C} \def\@bibitem#1{} nothing

An example of bibliography from AMS-TEX documentation

The following complex example shows the features of easybib and is essentially the example showed in the AMS-TEX documentation translated in the language of easybib. 


\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bookref{abc}
\by    V. I. Arnol$'$d, A. N. Varchenko,
       and S. M. Guse\u\i n-Zade
\title Singularities of differentiable maps.~{\rm I}
\publ  ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow
\yr    1982
\lang  Russian
\endref

\bookref{def}
\bysame
\title Singularities of differentiable maps.~{\rm II}
\publ  ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow
\yr    1984
\lang  Russian
\endref

\bookref{ghi}
\by    O. A. Ladyzhenskaya
\title Mathematical problems in the dynamics of a
       viscous incompressible fluid
\bookinfo 2nd rev. aug. ed.
\publ  ``Nauka'' \publaddr Moscow
\yr    1970
\lang  Russian
\transl English transl. of 1st ed.
\moreref{book}
\title The mathematical theory of viscous
       incompressible flow
\publ  Gordon and Breach \publaddr New York
\yr    1963; rev. 1969
\endref



\bigskip

\paperref{bib:4}
\by     P. D. Lax and C. D. Levermore
\title  The small dispersion limit for
        the KdV equation.~{\rm I}
\jour   Comm. Pure Appl. Math.
\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 253--290
\finalinfo (overview)
\moreref[, see also:]{paper}
\title  {\rm II}
\jour   Comm. Pure Appl. Math.
\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 571--594
\moreref[, see also:]{paper}
\title  {\rm III}
\jour   Comm. Pure Appl. Math.
\vol 36 \yr 1983 \pages 809--829
\endref

\paperref{bib:5}
\by     S. Osher
\title  Shock capturing algorithms for
        equations of mixed type
\inbook Numerical Methods for Partial
        Differential Equations
\eds    S. I. Hariharan and T. H. Moulton
\publ Longman \publaddr New York
\yr 1986 \pages 305--322
\endref

\paperref{bib:6}
\by     G. S. Petrov
\title  Elliptic integrals and their
        nonoscillatory behavior
\jour   Funktsional. Anal. i Pri\-lo\-zhen.
\vol 20 \yr 1986 \pages 46--49
\moreref{paper}
\transl English transl. in Functional
        Anal. Appl. \vol 20\yr 1986
\endref[.]

\end{thebibliography}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.3.tex} }\end{center} 


\refstyle{B}

\begin{thebibliography}{AAAA}

\bookref[C1]{C1}
\by     B. Coomes
\title  Polynomial flows, symmetry groups, and
        conditions sufficient for injectivity of maps
\bookinfo Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Nebraska--Lincoln
\yr 1988
\endref

\paperref[C2]{C2}
\bysame % B. Coomes
\title The Lorenz system does not have
       a polynomial flow
\jour  J. Differential Equations
\toappear
\endref

\paperref[GHMR]{GHMR}
\by    J. Guckenheimer, P. Holmes,
       M. Martineau, and L. P. Robinson
\title Nonlinear oscillations, dynamical systems, and
       bifurcations of vector fields
\publ Springer-Verlag \publaddr New York
\yr 1983
\endref[.]

\end{thebibliography}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.4} }\end{center}

Modifying the appearance

You can control the default formats by the command 
  \bibsetfmt[group name,item]{punctation}
                             {begin commands}
                             {end commands}
for example 
  \bibsetfmt[paper,by]{,}{\textit}{:}
This way you can easily modify the appearance of the bibliography.

Changing the order of the items

The order of the items: 
  for `paper' group:
  by,bysame,title,transl,jour,toappear,
  inbook,publ,eds,publaddr,vol,
  yr,pages,finalinfo,lang
  
  for `book' group:
  by,bysame,title,bookinfo,publ,publaddr,
  pages,yr,lang,transl
can be changed defining the macro \paperlist and \booklist. For example to have the yr item displayed after pages item in the paper group define: 
  \def\paperlist{by,bysame,title,transl,jour,%
                 toappear,inbook,publ,eds,%
		 publaddr,vol,pages,yr,%
		 finalinfo,lang}

Citing

The following segment of code 


\citestyle{A}
Cite mode A \cite{book:1,art:1,art:2}. \\
\citestyle{B}
Cite mode B \cite{book:1,art:1,art:2}. \\
\citestyle{C}
Cite mode C \cite{book:1,art:1,art:2}.

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.5} }\end{center}

for the previous bibliography

Defining new styles

If you do not like the predefined styles paper and book you can easily define new ones. For example suppose you want to define a new style tales with the item \author, \title, \year with:

* \author
in smallcaps style surrounded by a box

* \title
in italic style

* \year
in bold style within (...)

you must follow the following steps

* define the list of items
  \def\taleslist{author,title,year}

* define the command \talesref with the items
  \bibdefinestyles{tales}
it defines the items \author, \title, \year with the default format and the command \talesref.

* change the default formatting
  \bibsetfmt[tales,author]
    {,}
    {\setbox0\hbox\bgroup\scshape}
    {\egroup\fbox{\box0}}
  \bibsetfmt[tales,title]{}{\itshape}{}
  \bibsetfmt[tales,year]{}{\bfseries(}{)}

The following example (which uses [definethebibliography]) shows the effect: 


\def\taleslist{author,title,year}
\bibdefinestyles{tales}
\bibsetfmt[tales,author]{,}
  {\setbox0\hbox\bgroup\scshape}
  {\egroup\fbox{\box0}}
\bibsetfmt[tales,title]{}{\itshape}{}
\bibsetfmt[tales,year]{}{\bfseries(}{)}

\begin{thebibliography}[Tales](\section*,1cm){99}
   \talesref{A}
      \author Isaac Asimov
      \title  Nemesis
      \year   1989
   \endref
   \talesref{B}
      \author Roger Zelazny
      \title  Nove principi in ambra
      \year   1970
   \endref
   \talesref{C}
      \author Dean R. Koontz
      \title  Strangers
      \year   1986
   \endref[.]
\end{thebibliography}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbib.6} }\end{center}

About this document ...

The package EASYBIB

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 docbib

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
doc.html/docbib/labels.pl010064400007650000024000000002500744564412500150220ustar00enricostaff# LaTeX2HTML 2K.1beta (1.61) # Associate labels original text with physical files. 1; # LaTeX2HTML 2K.1beta (1.61) # labels from external_latex_labels array. 1; doc.html/docbmat004075500007650000024000000000000744564412500133415ustar00enricostaffdoc.html/docbmat/bk.jpg010074500007650000024000000206070744564412500145220ustar00enricostaffJFIFHH AppleMark    % #!,!#'(***.1-)1%)*(  (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((  }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyzw!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz{" ?2yj80}X8<>X#K(+ I?V6C }FN?SNdH~a601}Ƿ\VV I%rnzq8:ʮrw^:p:qI$x)x\NJ18Um0þ3x`4eV3aX@ssC;uoCrXR@`Lq0V#b3{ }Q\1#r8#e>SlxDZ9*G<  U 1qum ^=H[.8FN03Nttx|$U'lA*7YxNWl?U8'<999fِ#z9cYo[ſvA׫To6[%)n{q*؊]H 's܆=8k'pi0@T9AԅߒjLj2NWnG`#I*H6dRh\CZHQ(h| gN:q4/֒#f!I;q:Nvd'`=3NOZ21"J;F w9=ߊH+ ʧ81 r Lw+`8|qz&#֮$9th@28 #8G#f8̋mЦw3y ~DZ&RXyzd23 glv'yl` }*q><-R8|@qӃ:Ui#~ צ3;UF'8~c #H,bsԎ=*#P;jM7'ڢ 9c9[jG88 g<)ĖՉ(VrrqiҼ[X7&Kpq ^J{e_vKNy<@)͑rTA+=n,r5}˽XO g}N)dpR1%9 9#2I#'MVQ!ǡPҨ; o=UQE÷AA܃rF3ۃӚaFmn$=ҞUMn=7pˌciYc'99 ߟj2U U%Nx$0a\f2|,zxGQ,q%߸e6N39Vm|-I^O׮@ҋZ"s g9yO^ X(r01:/ӯPm!JF8py S G fgQIc@AI+N} H H1i%\zz+xoXqצHC,ܒh|03x׶s+ZKc 89$q߭0U{ 0tL68ZGF`wqK^@Ted2K]B@2s1ۨ{R.8aG8$t< {I^D%ծq9ǩl}AzW~KUgF;IK=eS`!Q9PǧN=JUL*ē?!vaq䈦~NG'3ƄV$ ;0Pzc=wuϯ$(͍3CLs)ZHl3#I3|,30\$p::^ ȳa.y;t#>^*M0d1Asqs Fne8_$gXŸ#*>lg8PssqLڕ䀫c0'Cdz >y># ,{Bwp\s=p8?J`k-~yc*Hy8; ܑCgy@ТiM\{=A * p++:c֥gRz]F d`u=*YHV0y?ۯ bv|ggpz܁ vڅ >F};K'Em=sFOb%%QH*(y2 yd=4Bi aAggq]HKnCeuס:9'$2 m'#k7?]F}P1ږ&)v,e9olO8#g/03JSp}?":o1y'sq>fGDx+C/sz~k֐|b\ =388؃u2m`@ӿen"!ZH>_I+<+%!wdq~c֒ݐ;E;s8ۯZ!|nX}ܞs sb.W@'?(Gu\stj&tW !:s=z Ԣ+o$0zB!F8+`u* p;q҅c3 3{O6?%%)v31֜WޖpנEr# zy#sØ\@b7~OL5[ܽUI*O^i-Df+`d:-}G{hZ @39a?zw)s)pN0prX±@Y0+y5-!N$bˌqJq0B*raH lq]N3@+Ъ#b4`wޙ^nry郃 zr}iQH398G+H;9Gl=N҂QI%+$s0rO<, ~b11\iir /;r3=ReH(ߎ=ǧ|T-(ƤNH+?QL 6Ԫcr'99j@o1 ;9-tH8G̣~sT6ȧWh**8xئwvx? RYSpB$;䃆=h}JKcq$ॹ` 9q_a4܋elQGAaJrhHyXc?E 2sO sQV,h'c8RFn,yl2x 0IY 0/$`܎6.9G~x x 7@Bg  ~@T!m я<ϯjzVȚ@QKہߜp:4H1Np 2MId2[ڣd81d~‹Zo0.X'hlu8Qqډ.B6Տ$sFp^٢M0J'0yڇ p8*zdc@iX5kg!zcg;1mx9}ߖ;R6ʶU9p:7>JRus,J3']6! 2C7N9>UY$DLN0NA==G} FLb`‚A<|Y[(qcޢYIa9 9^8(qnCc`8AwatM@GcG' qsĻ0!?L#堜.39$ڣؤJp`H:>Zrr :ȳl>^3qc$E\7ItO,G{Brx#ی$TmlYX/G B}^1BZL$HFe-9>?|j|`s 䏺G'98M;;p$EBD>B$}۠s'7A ۏgy9Bk@\U=:t80s@#qP?8{dpd! +8 ހib׿p܌p6#}QtT nQ0` zQ *$&<,)+xf#gQd=ny98b?T Ȣ gt8sy$#˃6`v#>Q"y98甊<Gjd8@Q:e"veFnj9sOj"p cq=?J;t{e\Kn93l =Q2M&ݗnv'!8NDZvzP r3 Q[|(h=}*PcPQ%N:z}8UiKgrvqr?\ɥ~~eipm;~<篧50+awN@ztn~Zg$49#ՖF`2d3B툃BĀH==9OeU"9B2#69t;D.pqP#f22+rH,1ۭ6uF)|;q럦s9Vಖ sӟ$VyY$y9zpP:"G I*oÓ8j ݑ[hyIFs1ׁN`J230 -0{dӿqÄHFp0x?/qmdy#v}~SW[l. qO8뜓Irr|FNG㌃ߥ_[HcĊe\p'R]ŐFOH 2Fv92ٜ_INNq1NDlo-r7q$gj! lS_? EB@Z7r1׎FA.'.]/v뎿h^XauT2Hy9@^2s&9!VW󈐌H$;89'ѬoU3apלҲ!n3"YYy29;NF3Cc۞:Dȸ!$b GڙآDA{[ҟ(W7*L)a4AL1¡,'-FIG08Spϓ~~yI o6psNs>ª+@d\*Oh澁mHU/.2ˎ:x4Ue>O9({c?:|A^iam%)pO u檜}bMG#doc.html/docbmat/blueball.png010064400007650000024000000005150744564412500157060ustar00enricostaffPNG  IHDR_u{PLTEJbFBZdbJJ30jzr14'!JzzZkbrB1hItRNS@fIDATx}m0 U2DQ V/tC~0^>r9  {hhԞVa- 2MDw8gzl|-,)Q} . ^bIENDB`doc.html/docbmat/docbmat.css010064400007650000024000000015730744564412500155460ustar00enricostaff/* Century Schoolbook font is very similar to Computer Modern Math: cmmi */ .MATH { font-family: "Century Schoolbook", serif; } .MATH I { font-family: "Century Schoolbook", serif; font-style: italic } .BOLDMATH { font-family: "Century Schoolbook", serif; font-weight: bold } /* implement both fixed-size and relative sizes */ SMALL.XTINY { font-size : xx-small } SMALL.TINY { font-size : x-small } SMALL.SCRIPTSIZE { font-size : smaller } SMALL.FOOTNOTESIZE { font-size : small } SMALL.SMALL { } BIG.LARGE { } BIG.XLARGE { font-size : large } BIG.XXLARGE { font-size : x-large } BIG.HUGE { font-size : larger } BIG.XHUGE { font-size : xx-large } /* heading styles */ H1 { } H2 { } H3 { } H4 { } H5 { } /* mathematics styles */ DIV.displaymath { } /* math displays */ TD.eqno { } /* equation-number cells */ /* document-specific styles come next */ doc.html/docbmat/docbmat.html010064400007650000024000000561420744564412500157240ustar00enricostaff The package EASYBMAT

The package EASYBMAT

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The EASYBMAT package is a macro package for supporting block matrices having equal column widths or equal rows heights or both, and supporting various kinds of rules (lines) between rows and columns. The package is based on an array/tabular-like syntax.


Contents

Some examples with EASYBMAT

The package is loaded by means the usual way: 


\documentclass{article}
.
.
\usepackage[thinlines,thiklines]{easybmat}
.
.

The options thinlines and thicklines are self explanatory. EASYBMAT provides the BMAT environment which is a re-implementation of the array/tabular environment, with some limitation and some additional features. The syntax is 


\begin{BMAT}`(eq)'`[ex]'`{cc...c}'`{cc...c}'
   a & b & ... & n \\
   ...
\end{BMAT}

or 


\begin{BMAT}`(eq,mx,my)'
            `[ex,MX,MY]'
            `{cc...c}'
            `{cc...c}'
   a & b & ... & n \\
   ...
\end{BMAT}

* (eq) or (eq,mx,my). By eq you can balance the rows or the column or both, as shown in this table:

Table 1.

value of eq effect
@ no balancing
r equal rows heights
c equal column widths
b equal rows heights and equal column widths
e equal rows heights and column widths

By mx and my you can modify the minimum size of the box in the BMAT environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 2pt. This is useful in writing matrices an vectors.
* [ex] or [ex,MX,MY]. By ex you can specify the amount of extra space around the item in the BMAT environment. The default is 2pt. By MX and MY you can modify the minimum size of the whole block matrix in the BMAT environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 10cm.
* The first {cc...c} is the definition of the columns and their alignment. The possible alignment for the columns are:

Table 2.

c centering
l flush left
r flush right

* The second {cc...c} is the definition of the rows their alignment. The possible alignment for the rows are:

Table 3.

c centering
t flush top
b flush bottom

IMPORTANT: The package can manage matrices with a maximum of 30 rows by 30 columns.

It is possible to produce rules among columns or rows as this example shows: 


\[ \begin{BMAT}(b){|l:cr|}{|t;cb|}
     1_{j} & 1 & 1 \\
     1_{j} & 1 & \frac{111}{222} \\
     1 & 1_{j} & 1
  \end{BMAT} \qquad
  \begin{BMAT}(b){|r:cl|}{|b;ct|}
     1_{j} & 1 & 1 \\
     1_{j} & 1 & \frac{111}{222} \\
     1 & 1_{j} & 1
  \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.4} }\end{center}

The available rules for the rows and columns are

Table 4.

nothing no rule
| solid line
: dash line
; dot-dash line
. dotted line
0 solid line with size 1/5 of normal line
1 solid line with size 1/4 of normal line
2 solid line with size 1/3 of normal line
3 solid line with size 1/2 of normal line
4 equivalent to |
5 solid line with size 2 times of normal line
6 solid line with size 3 times of normal line
7 solid line with size 4 times of normal line
8 solid line with size 5 times of normal line
9 solid line with size 6 times of normal line

The main feature of the BMAT environment is that it is reentrant as shown here: 


\[ \begin{BMAT}{0c.c9}{|c.c|}
      1 & 2 \\ 3 &
      \begin{BMAT}{c:c}{c:c}
         a & b \\ c & d
      \end{BMAT}
   \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.5} }\end{center}

IMPORTANT: The package can manage a maximum reentrance of 8 levels.

An example with balancing

The effect of various balancing is best seen below: 


\[ \begin{BMAT}{|c|c|c|}{|c|c|c|}
       1 & 22 & 333 \\
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1
   \end{BMAT} \quad
   \begin{BMAT}(r){|c|c|c|}{|c|c|c|}
       1 & 22 & 333 \\
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1
   \end{BMAT} \quad
   \begin{BMAT}(c){|c|c|c|}{|c|c|c|}
       1 & 22 & 333 \\
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1
   \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.6} }\end{center}

Some example with minimal size setting

It is possible to specify the minimal size of the item inside a ``BMAT'' environment, as shown here 


\[ \left[
   \begin{BMAT}(@,50pt,20pt){c.c}{c.c}
      1 & 22 \\ \frac{1}{2} & 1
   \end{BMAT}
   \right] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.7} }\end{center}

It is possible to specify the total minimal size of a BMAT environment, as shown here 


\[ \left[
   \begin{BMAT}(e)[2pt,3cm,3cm]{c.c}{c.c}
      1 & 22 \\ \frac{1}{2} & 1
   \end{BMAT}
   \right] \times \left[
   \begin{BMAT}(e)[2pt,0pt,3cm]{c}{c.c}
     x \\ y
   \end{BMAT}
   \right] = \left[
   \begin{BMAT}(e)[2pt,1cm,3cm]{c}{c.c}i
      2 \\ \frac{3}{2}
   \end{BMAT} \right] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.8} }\end{center}

An example with various size rules

This example shows the use of various size rule in BMAT environment: 


\[ \begin{BMAT}(e,10pt,10pt){0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9}
                            {0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9}
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.9} }\end{center}

The \addpath command

Is is possible to add paths to the ``BMAT'' environment. The syntax is the following 


\begin{BMAT} ...... {...}{...}
   ...... \\
   ...... \\
   ...... \\
   \addpath{(`x',`y',`rule')`path'}
   .
   .
   \addpath{(`x',`y',`rule')`path'}
\end{BMAT}

where

* x and y
are the integer coordinate of the starting point. The down left corner is at $x=0$, $y=0$.

* rule
is the code of a valid rule as described in table 4.

* path
is a string describing the path. Each letter of the string is a movement coded as follows:

Table 5.

letter direction
l left movement and drawing
r right movement and drawing
u up movement and drawing
d down movement and drawing

The following example shows the use of \addpath, 


\[ \begin{BMAT}[5pt]{|ccccc|}{|cccc|}
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & *
      \addpath{(1,1,0)ruld}
      \addpath{(4,3,;)lldrrdll}
   \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.11} }\end{center}

This is another example 


\[ \left(\begin{BMAT}[5pt]{cccccc}{cccccc}
      1 & *  & *   & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 11 & *   & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 111 & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 1111 & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 0    & 11111 & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 0    & 0     & 11111
      \addpath{(0,5,.)rdrdrdrdrd}
   \end{BMAT}\right) \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.12} }\end{center}

An example with reentrance

This final example shows a slightly more complex (reentrant) definition in which the BMAT environment is used: 


\def\rec(#1){\expandafter\recurse#1-\end}
\def\recurse#1#2\end{%
 \if\noexpand#1-\def\next##1##2{}%
 \else\let\next=\recursea\fi%
 \expandafter\next{#1}{#2}%
}%
\def\recursea#1#2{%
  \bgroup
    \begin{BMAT}[0pt]{l:c:r}{t;c;b}
       \rec(#2) &      #1  & \rec(#2) \\
             #1 & \rec(#2) & #1       \\
       \rec(#2) &      #1  & \rec(#2)
    \end{BMAT}
  \egroup
}
\[ \recurse\clubsuit\diamondsuit\heartsuit\end \]

It produces the following output:

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.13.tex} }\end{center}

About this document ...

The package EASYBMAT

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 docbmat

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
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The package EASYBMAT

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The EASYBMAT package is a macro package for supporting block matrices having equal column widths or equal rows heights or both, and supporting various kinds of rules (lines) between rows and columns. The package is based on an array/tabular-like syntax.


Contents

Some examples with EASYBMAT

The package is loaded by means the usual way: 


\documentclass{article}
.
.
\usepackage[thinlines,thiklines]{easybmat}
.
.

The options thinlines and thicklines are self explanatory. EASYBMAT provides the BMAT environment which is a re-implementation of the array/tabular environment, with some limitation and some additional features. The syntax is 


\begin{BMAT}`(eq)'`[ex]'`{cc...c}'`{cc...c}'
   a & b & ... & n \\
   ...
\end{BMAT}

or 


\begin{BMAT}`(eq,mx,my)'
            `[ex,MX,MY]'
            `{cc...c}'
            `{cc...c}'
   a & b & ... & n \\
   ...
\end{BMAT}

* (eq) or (eq,mx,my). By eq you can balance the rows or the column or both, as shown in this table:

Table 1.

value of eq effect
@ no balancing
r equal rows heights
c equal column widths
b equal rows heights and equal column widths
e equal rows heights and column widths

By mx and my you can modify the minimum size of the box in the BMAT environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 2pt. This is useful in writing matrices an vectors.
* [ex] or [ex,MX,MY]. By ex you can specify the amount of extra space around the item in the BMAT environment. The default is 2pt. By MX and MY you can modify the minimum size of the whole block matrix in the BMAT environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 10cm.
* The first {cc...c} is the definition of the columns and their alignment. The possible alignment for the columns are:

Table 2.

c centering
l flush left
r flush right

* The second {cc...c} is the definition of the rows their alignment. The possible alignment for the rows are:

Table 3.

c centering
t flush top
b flush bottom

IMPORTANT: The package can manage matrices with a maximum of 30 rows by 30 columns.

It is possible to produce rules among columns or rows as this example shows: 


\[ \begin{BMAT}(b){|l:cr|}{|t;cb|}
     1_{j} & 1 & 1 \\
     1_{j} & 1 & \frac{111}{222} \\
     1 & 1_{j} & 1
  \end{BMAT} \qquad
  \begin{BMAT}(b){|r:cl|}{|b;ct|}
     1_{j} & 1 & 1 \\
     1_{j} & 1 & \frac{111}{222} \\
     1 & 1_{j} & 1
  \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.4} }\end{center}

The available rules for the rows and columns are

Table 4.

nothing no rule
| solid line
: dash line
; dot-dash line
. dotted line
0 solid line with size 1/5 of normal line
1 solid line with size 1/4 of normal line
2 solid line with size 1/3 of normal line
3 solid line with size 1/2 of normal line
4 equivalent to |
5 solid line with size 2 times of normal line
6 solid line with size 3 times of normal line
7 solid line with size 4 times of normal line
8 solid line with size 5 times of normal line
9 solid line with size 6 times of normal line

The main feature of the BMAT environment is that it is reentrant as shown here: 


\[ \begin{BMAT}{0c.c9}{|c.c|}
      1 & 2 \\ 3 &
      \begin{BMAT}{c:c}{c:c}
         a & b \\ c & d
      \end{BMAT}
   \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.5} }\end{center}

IMPORTANT: The package can manage a maximum reentrance of 8 levels.

An example with balancing

The effect of various balancing is best seen below: 


\[ \begin{BMAT}{|c|c|c|}{|c|c|c|}
       1 & 22 & 333 \\
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1
   \end{BMAT} \quad
   \begin{BMAT}(r){|c|c|c|}{|c|c|c|}
       1 & 22 & 333 \\
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1
   \end{BMAT} \quad
   \begin{BMAT}(c){|c|c|c|}{|c|c|c|}
       1 & 22 & 333 \\
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1
   \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.6} }\end{center}

Some example with minimal size setting

It is possible to specify the minimal size of the item inside a ``BMAT'' environment, as shown here 


\[ \left[
   \begin{BMAT}(@,50pt,20pt){c.c}{c.c}
      1 & 22 \\ \frac{1}{2} & 1
   \end{BMAT}
   \right] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.7} }\end{center}

It is possible to specify the total minimal size of a BMAT environment, as shown here 


\[ \left[
   \begin{BMAT}(e)[2pt,3cm,3cm]{c.c}{c.c}
      1 & 22 \\ \frac{1}{2} & 1
   \end{BMAT}
   \right] \times \left[
   \begin{BMAT}(e)[2pt,0pt,3cm]{c}{c.c}
     x \\ y
   \end{BMAT}
   \right] = \left[
   \begin{BMAT}(e)[2pt,1cm,3cm]{c}{c.c}i
      2 \\ \frac{3}{2}
   \end{BMAT} \right] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.8} }\end{center}

An example with various size rules

This example shows the use of various size rule in BMAT environment: 


\[ \begin{BMAT}(e,10pt,10pt){0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9}
                            {0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9}
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.9} }\end{center}

The \addpath command

Is is possible to add paths to the ``BMAT'' environment. The syntax is the following 


\begin{BMAT} ...... {...}{...}
   ...... \\
   ...... \\
   ...... \\
   \addpath{(`x',`y',`rule')`path'}
   .
   .
   \addpath{(`x',`y',`rule')`path'}
\end{BMAT}

where

* x and y
are the integer coordinate of the starting point. The down left corner is at $x=0$, $y=0$.

* rule
is the code of a valid rule as described in table 4.

* path
is a string describing the path. Each letter of the string is a movement coded as follows:

Table 5.

letter direction
l left movement and drawing
r right movement and drawing
u up movement and drawing
d down movement and drawing

The following example shows the use of \addpath, 


\[ \begin{BMAT}[5pt]{|ccccc|}{|cccc|}
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & *
      \addpath{(1,1,0)ruld}
      \addpath{(4,3,;)lldrrdll}
   \end{BMAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.11} }\end{center}

This is another example 


\[ \left(\begin{BMAT}[5pt]{cccccc}{cccccc}
      1 & *  & *   & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 11 & *   & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 111 & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 1111 & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 0    & 11111 & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 0    & 0     & 11111
      \addpath{(0,5,.)rdrdrdrdrd}
   \end{BMAT}\right) \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.12} }\end{center}

An example with reentrance

This final example shows a slightly more complex (reentrant) definition in which the BMAT environment is used: 


\def\rec(#1){\expandafter\recurse#1-\end}
\def\recurse#1#2\end{%
 \if\noexpand#1-\def\next##1##2{}%
 \else\let\next=\recursea\fi%
 \expandafter\next{#1}{#2}%
}%
\def\recursea#1#2{%
  \bgroup
    \begin{BMAT}[0pt]{l:c:r}{t;c;b}
       \rec(#2) &      #1  & \rec(#2) \\
             #1 & \rec(#2) & #1       \\
       \rec(#2) &      #1  & \rec(#2)
    \end{BMAT}
  \egroup
}
\[ \recurse\clubsuit\diamondsuit\heartsuit\end \]

It produces the following output:

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docbmat.13.tex} }\end{center}

About this document ...

The package EASYBMAT

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 docbmat

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
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The package EASYEQN

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The package EASYEQN introduces some equation environments that simplify the typesetting of equations. It uses a syntax similar to the array environment to define the column alignment. The label field is fully customizable. A package option permits to number only those equations that were labeled and referenced.i Additional macros are also included to facilitate the typing of formulae.


Contents

Some examples with EASYEQN

The package is loaded by means of the usual syntax: 


\documentclass{article}
.
.
\usepackage[allnumber,warning, easyold,
            fleqn,leqno,math]{easyeqn}
.
.

The package1introduces the EQ and EQA environments. The package options are:

allnumber Means that all of the EQ and EQA environments are numbered. Without that option, only those EQ and EQA environments that are explicitly labeled and referenced are numbered.
warning Causes the flagging of the equations that are labeled but not referenced.
easyold Produces obsolete environment EQS, EQS*, EQ*, EQA* for backward compatibilty.
fleqn equations will be left-justify.
leqno Writes equation number on the left.
math Defines additional macros for mathematics.

Remark:

When EASYEQN is used with HYPERREF the package EASYEQN must be included after HYPERREF or cross referencing do not work.

Use of the EQ environment

The use of EQ environment is best unserstood by the following example: 


\begin{EQ}\label{eq:1}
    \frac{x}{y} = z
\end{EQ}
\begin{EQ}\label{eq:2}
    \frac{a}{b} = c
\end{EQ}
I will refer only to \eqref{eq:1} or,
in the old style, \refeq{eq:1}.

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.2} }\end{center}

Note that the reference is done by \eqref or \refeq. The command \refeq produces the same output as \ref, while \eqref uses ( ) for the output.

Remark: Due to the algorithm implementation, in order to obtain the right cross reference, you need to recompile the file 3 times. The use of \label is not permitted from within EQ* environments. If you use \ref to reference equations results are unpredictable2.

Here is another example: 


\begin{EQ}[rcll]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u)&=&f \qquad
      &\mbox{on $\Omega$} \\
   u&=&u_{0}&\mbox{on $A\subset\partial\Omega$} \\
   (\rho\nabla u)\cdot n&=&u_{1}
      &\mbox{on $B\subset\partial\Omega$}
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.3} }\end{center}

Note that between [...] you can specify the column alignment in the same way as in the array or tabular environment3. The permitted alignment are l for left alignment, r for right alignment and c for centering. There is also the character ``.'' that if used between the definition of two columns, disables the spacing between columns as in the following example, which is taken from the documentation of EQNARRAY of Roland Winkler; 


\begin{EQ}[rcl.l]
  \phi & = & \sum \bigg( & \frac{xxxxxxxxxx}{\phi}\\
       & & & + \frac{yyyyyyyyyy}{\phi} \bigg)\\
       & = & \eqmulticol{2}{l}
             {\frac{zzzzzzzzzz}{\phi}}
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.4} }\end{center}

In the above example the command \eqmulticol has been introduced. Its syntax is: 

   \eqmulticol{ncol}{align}{body}
where:

ncol number of column to merge.
aling alignment, parameter to be chosen among the set l, r, c.
body expression to put across the column.

The \yesnumber command

If may you want to number an equation without reference it. The \yesnumber command does the work as this example shows: 


\begin{EQ}[rcl]\yesnumber
   a & = & \frac{1}{23} \\
   b & = & \sqrt{\frac{1}{23}}
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.5} }\end{center}

Use of EQA environment 


\begin{EQA}[rcll]
   \nabla\!\cdot\!(\rho\nabla u)&=&f \qquad
      &\mbox{on $\Omega$}
   \yesnumber \\
   u&=&u_{0}&\mbox{on $A\subset\partial\Omega$}
          \label{eq:3} \\
   (\rho\nabla u)\!\cdot\!n&=&u_{1}
       &\mbox{on $B\subset\partial\Omega$}
          \label{eq:4}
\end{EQA}
it is referenced only \eqref{eq:4}!!

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.6} }\end{center}

Note that only the referenced lines or the lines with \yesnumber are numbered.

The \label command

It is possible to use custom label by \label command. The syntax is one of the following: 
  \label{labelname}
  \label[eqnum]
  \label[eqnum]{labelname}
  \label(eqnum)
  \label(eqnum){labelname}
where [eqnum] is an optional argument that if defined, causes the equation displays eqnum instead of (equation number). The equation counter is not advanced and labelname if present will refer to eqnum.

For example: 


\begin{EQA}[c]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
       \label(eq.1){eq:custom:a} \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
       \label[eq.2]{eq:custom:b} \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
       \label[***1***]
\end{EQA}
I will refer to \eqref{eq:custom:a}
and \eqref{eq:custom:b}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.7} }\end{center}

Note that custom label are always displayed even if not referenced.

Label positioning

It is possible to change the default position of a single label by the commands:

* \eqlabeltop
* \eqlabelbot
* \eqlabelcenter

For example: 


\eqlabeltop
\begin{EQ}\label[TOP]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
\end{EQ}
***********************************
\eqlabelbot
\begin{EQ}\label[BOT]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.8} }\end{center}

Sub-numbering

To sub-number equation, instead of use something like 
  \begin{subequations}
  \begin{EQ}...
    
  \end{EQ}
  \end{subequations}
I prefer to use the \label command with the character ~ as a shortcut for the command \theequation. The following example shows the use: 


\begin{EQA}[c]\yesnumber
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \label(~.A) \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \label(~.B) \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \label(~.C)
\end{EQA}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.9} }\end{center}

the \yesnumber command is necessary to enforce the advancing of equation counter.

Use of fleqn and leqno option

You can use fleqn to left justify the equations or leqno to number equations on the left. For example: 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[fleqn,leqno]{easyeqn}
  .
  .
and the following example shows the effect 


\begin{EQA}[rcll]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u)&=&f \qquad
      &\mbox{on $\Omega$}\yesnumber \\
   u&=&u_{0}&\mbox{on $A\subset\partial\Omega$}
      \yesnumber\\
   (\rho\nabla u)\!\cdot\!n&=&u_{1}
      &\mbox{on $B\subset\partial\Omega$}
        \label{eq:5}
\end{EQA}
it is referenced only \eqref{eq:5}!!

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.10} }\end{center}

The same effect can be obtained everywhere using the commands \equationleft and \numberleft before defining the equation. To restore the default values use the commands \equationcenter and \numberright after the equation.

Cosmetic changes

It is possible to slighly modify the appearance of the equations. There are three parameters that can be changed:

left indent Whenever equations are left justified, the left indent can be changed by the command \eqleftmargin. 
   
   \eqleftmargin{new indent}
for example 
  
  \eqleftmargin{1cm}
The default value for the left margin is \leftmargini.

equation spacing The spacing of a formula, (default 7pt) can be controlled by the command 
  \eqspacing{new spacing}
for example 
  
  \eqspacing{4pt}
column spacing The spacing among columns (default value 4pt) can be changed by the command 
  \eqcolumnsep{new spacing}
for example 
    
  \eqcolumnsep{10pt}
row spacing The spacing among rows in multiple equations (default value 7pt) can be changed by the command 
  \eqrowsep{new spacing}
for example 
  \eqrowsep{10pt}

for example 


\eqrowsep{20pt}
\eqcolumnsep{10pt}
\eqspacing{1cm}
bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla
\begin{EQ}[rcll]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u)&=&f \qquad
      &\mbox{on $\Omega$} \\
   u&=&u_{0}&\mbox{on $A\subset\partial\Omega$} \\
   (\rho\nabla u)\cdot n&=&u_{1}
      &\mbox{on $B\subset\partial\Omega$}
\end{EQ}
nonsense, nonsense, nonsense, monsense, nonsense

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.11} }\end{center}

Additional macros

Using the package as follow 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[...,math]{easyeqn}
  .
  .
as additional macros useful for typesetting mathematics can be invoked. The macros are defined as \frac, \dfrac, \tfrac, \binom and \boxed and their use is described in the following example: 


\begin{EQ}[rclrcl]
    \frac[1pt]{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}}
    & = & \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}} \qquad &
    \dfrac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}}
    & = & \dfrac{\frac[0pt]{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}} \\
   \tfrac{1}{2} &=& \frac{1}{2}\qquad &
   \binom{n-1}{n-k} && \boxed{a+b}
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.12} }\end{center}

Definition of the macro \eqbox and its effect: 


\[
  \eqbox{1+\dfrac{1}{2}} \qquad
  \eqbox(1pt,20pt){1+\dfrac{1}{2}} \qquad
  \eqbox(5pt,5pt){1+\dfrac{1}{2}}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.13} }\end{center}

Definition of the macros \norm and \abs and their effect: 


\[ \norm{A}, \qquad \abs{A} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.14} }\end{center}

Definition of the macro \ParDer and its effect: 


\[
  \ParDer[xyyz]{f(x,y,z)}, \qquad
  \ParDer[{x^{2}}{x^{2}}{x^{2}}y\alpha]{f(x,y,z)}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.15} }\end{center}

Notice the single item of the derivatives must be a single letter (or a macro) or must be inside a group { ... }. If you use \ParDer with package EASYVECTOR remember to put macros in brace when use ``$[$ $]$'' as follows: 


\[ \xx,\xx[i,j] =
   \ParDer[\xx\xx{\xx[i,j]}\yy]{f(x,y,z)} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.16} }\end{center}

otherwise you obtain weird results like the following 


\[ \ParDer[\xx\xx\xx[i,j]\yy]{f(x,y,z)} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.17} }\end{center}

Definition of the macros \DIV, \GRAD and \LAPLA and their effect: 


\[ \DIV{A}, \qquad \GRAD{B}, \qquad \LAPLA{C} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.18} }\end{center}

Definition of the macro \SUM and its effect: 


\[
  \SUM{i=1}{100}a_{i},\quad
  \SUM[10]{i=1}{100}a_{i}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.19} }\end{center}

Definition of the macro \PROD and its effect: 


\[
  \PROD{i=1}{100}a_{i},\quad
  \PROD[10]{i=1}{100}a_{i}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.20} }\end{center}

The environment ARRAY is defined, is a simple subset of the environment array with a different spacing; look the following example 


\[
  \left(\begin{array}{cc}
    1        & \frac{1}{2} \\
        \sqrt{3} & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}
  \end{array}\right), \qquad
  \left(\begin{ARRAY}{cc}
    1        & \frac{1}{2} \\
        \sqrt{3} & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}
  \end{ARRAY}\right),
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.21} }\end{center}

The environment MATRIX is defined, is a simple replacement of \matrix command with a different spacing; look the following example 


\[
  \matrix{
    1        & \frac{1}{2} \cr
    \sqrt{3} & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}
  }, \qquad
  \begin{MATRIX}
    1        & \frac{1}{2} \cr
    \sqrt{3} & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}
  \end{MATRIX},
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.22} }\end{center}

Test latex2html interface

A file named easyeqn.perl is furnished for interfacing macros with perl program latex2html. The effect is to generate better HTML images of equations. For example the following equation has equation number always aligned on the right of the page:
\begin{EQ} 1 \neq \frac{1}{2} \end{EQ} (eqn)
While equation array equations are also splitted in a table to maintain alignement on resize:
\begin{displaymath} 1 \end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\neq\end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\frac{1}{2} \end{displaymath} (A)
\begin{displaymath} -\frac{1}{3} \end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\neq\end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\frac{1}{3} \end{displaymath} (B)
\begin{displaymath} 1 \end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\neq\end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\frac{2}{3} \end{displaymath} (C)
\begin{displaymath}\frac{2}{3} \end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\neq\end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\frac{4}{3} \end{displaymath} (D)

About this document ...

The package EASYEQN

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 doceqn

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Footnotes

... package1
the option ``showkeys'' is eliminated because the new release of EASYEQN is compatible with the SHOWKEYS package
... unpredictable2
The previous release used the command
eqlabel for equation labelling, for backward compatibility this command is maintained but the user should use the
label command
... environment3
In a previous release of EASYEQN multicolumn alignment was implemented in a EQS environment. However to keep backward compatibility such an environment is maintained

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
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The package EASYEQN

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The package EASYEQN introduces some equation environments that simplify the typesetting of equations. It uses a syntax similar to the array environment to define the column alignment. The label field is fully customizable. A package option permits to number only those equations that were labeled and referenced.i Additional macros are also included to facilitate the typing of formulae.


Contents

Some examples with EASYEQN

The package is loaded by means of the usual syntax: 


\documentclass{article}
.
.
\usepackage[allnumber,warning, easyold,
            fleqn,leqno,math]{easyeqn}
.
.

The package1introduces the EQ and EQA environments. The package options are:

allnumber Means that all of the EQ and EQA environments are numbered. Without that option, only those EQ and EQA environments that are explicitly labeled and referenced are numbered.
warning Causes the flagging of the equations that are labeled but not referenced.
easyold Produces obsolete environment EQS, EQS*, EQ*, EQA* for backward compatibilty.
fleqn equations will be left-justify.
leqno Writes equation number on the left.
math Defines additional macros for mathematics.

Remark:

When EASYEQN is used with HYPERREF the package EASYEQN must be included after HYPERREF or cross referencing do not work.

Use of the EQ environment

The use of EQ environment is best unserstood by the following example: 


\begin{EQ}\label{eq:1}
    \frac{x}{y} = z
\end{EQ}
\begin{EQ}\label{eq:2}
    \frac{a}{b} = c
\end{EQ}
I will refer only to \eqref{eq:1} or,
in the old style, \refeq{eq:1}.

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.2} }\end{center}

Note that the reference is done by \eqref or \refeq. The command \refeq produces the same output as \ref, while \eqref uses ( ) for the output.

Remark: Due to the algorithm implementation, in order to obtain the right cross reference, you need to recompile the file 3 times. The use of \label is not permitted from within EQ* environments. If you use \ref to reference equations results are unpredictable2.

Here is another example: 


\begin{EQ}[rcll]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u)&=&f \qquad
      &\mbox{on $\Omega$} \\
   u&=&u_{0}&\mbox{on $A\subset\partial\Omega$} \\
   (\rho\nabla u)\cdot n&=&u_{1}
      &\mbox{on $B\subset\partial\Omega$}
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.3} }\end{center}

Note that between [...] you can specify the column alignment in the same way as in the array or tabular environment3. The permitted alignment are l for left alignment, r for right alignment and c for centering. There is also the character ``.'' that if used between the definition of two columns, disables the spacing between columns as in the following example, which is taken from the documentation of EQNARRAY of Roland Winkler; 


\begin{EQ}[rcl.l]
  \phi & = & \sum \bigg( & \frac{xxxxxxxxxx}{\phi}\\
       & & & + \frac{yyyyyyyyyy}{\phi} \bigg)\\
       & = & \eqmulticol{2}{l}
             {\frac{zzzzzzzzzz}{\phi}}
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.4} }\end{center}

In the above example the command \eqmulticol has been introduced. Its syntax is: 

   \eqmulticol{ncol}{align}{body}
where:

ncol number of column to merge.
aling alignment, parameter to be chosen among the set l, r, c.
body expression to put across the column.

The \yesnumber command

If may you want to number an equation without reference it. The \yesnumber command does the work as this example shows: 


\begin{EQ}[rcl]\yesnumber
   a & = & \frac{1}{23} \\
   b & = & \sqrt{\frac{1}{23}}
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.5} }\end{center}

Use of EQA environment 


\begin{EQA}[rcll]
   \nabla\!\cdot\!(\rho\nabla u)&=&f \qquad
      &\mbox{on $\Omega$}
   \yesnumber \\
   u&=&u_{0}&\mbox{on $A\subset\partial\Omega$}
          \label{eq:3} \\
   (\rho\nabla u)\!\cdot\!n&=&u_{1}
       &\mbox{on $B\subset\partial\Omega$}
          \label{eq:4}
\end{EQA}
it is referenced only \eqref{eq:4}!!

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.6} }\end{center}

Note that only the referenced lines or the lines with \yesnumber are numbered.

The \label command

It is possible to use custom label by \label command. The syntax is one of the following: 
  \label{labelname}
  \label[eqnum]
  \label[eqnum]{labelname}
  \label(eqnum)
  \label(eqnum){labelname}
where [eqnum] is an optional argument that if defined, causes the equation displays eqnum instead of (equation number). The equation counter is not advanced and labelname if present will refer to eqnum.

For example: 


\begin{EQA}[c]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
       \label(eq.1){eq:custom:a} \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
       \label[eq.2]{eq:custom:b} \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
       \label[***1***]
\end{EQA}
I will refer to \eqref{eq:custom:a}
and \eqref{eq:custom:b}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.7} }\end{center}

Note that custom label are always displayed even if not referenced.

Label positioning

It is possible to change the default position of a single label by the commands:

* \eqlabeltop
* \eqlabelbot
* \eqlabelcenter

For example: 


\eqlabeltop
\begin{EQ}\label[TOP]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
\end{EQ}
***********************************
\eqlabelbot
\begin{EQ}\label[BOT]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.8} }\end{center}

Sub-numbering

To sub-number equation, instead of use something like 
  \begin{subequations}
  \begin{EQ}...
    
  \end{EQ}
  \end{subequations}
I prefer to use the \label command with the character ~ as a shortcut for the command \theequation. The following example shows the use: 


\begin{EQA}[c]\yesnumber
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \label(~.A) \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \label(~.B) \\
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u) = 0 \label(~.C)
\end{EQA}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.9} }\end{center}

the \yesnumber command is necessary to enforce the advancing of equation counter.

Use of fleqn and leqno option

You can use fleqn to left justify the equations or leqno to number equations on the left. For example: 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[fleqn,leqno]{easyeqn}
  .
  .
and the following example shows the effect 


\begin{EQA}[rcll]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u)&=&f \qquad
      &\mbox{on $\Omega$}\yesnumber \\
   u&=&u_{0}&\mbox{on $A\subset\partial\Omega$}
      \yesnumber\\
   (\rho\nabla u)\!\cdot\!n&=&u_{1}
      &\mbox{on $B\subset\partial\Omega$}
        \label{eq:5}
\end{EQA}
it is referenced only \eqref{eq:5}!!

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.10} }\end{center}

The same effect can be obtained everywhere using the commands \equationleft and \numberleft before defining the equation. To restore the default values use the commands \equationcenter and \numberright after the equation.

Cosmetic changes

It is possible to slighly modify the appearance of the equations. There are three parameters that can be changed:

left indent Whenever equations are left justified, the left indent can be changed by the command \eqleftmargin. 
   
   \eqleftmargin{new indent}
for example 
  
  \eqleftmargin{1cm}
The default value for the left margin is \leftmargini.

equation spacing The spacing of a formula, (default 7pt) can be controlled by the command 
  \eqspacing{new spacing}
for example 
  
  \eqspacing{4pt}
column spacing The spacing among columns (default value 4pt) can be changed by the command 
  \eqcolumnsep{new spacing}
for example 
    
  \eqcolumnsep{10pt}
row spacing The spacing among rows in multiple equations (default value 7pt) can be changed by the command 
  \eqrowsep{new spacing}
for example 
  \eqrowsep{10pt}

for example 


\eqrowsep{20pt}
\eqcolumnsep{10pt}
\eqspacing{1cm}
bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla
\begin{EQ}[rcll]
   \nabla\cdot(\rho\nabla u)&=&f \qquad
      &\mbox{on $\Omega$} \\
   u&=&u_{0}&\mbox{on $A\subset\partial\Omega$} \\
   (\rho\nabla u)\cdot n&=&u_{1}
      &\mbox{on $B\subset\partial\Omega$}
\end{EQ}
nonsense, nonsense, nonsense, monsense, nonsense

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.11} }\end{center}

Additional macros

Using the package as follow 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[...,math]{easyeqn}
  .
  .
as additional macros useful for typesetting mathematics can be invoked. The macros are defined as \frac, \dfrac, \tfrac, \binom and \boxed and their use is described in the following example: 


\begin{EQ}[rclrcl]
    \frac[1pt]{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}}
    & = & \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}} \qquad &
    \dfrac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}}
    & = & \dfrac{\frac[0pt]{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}} \\
   \tfrac{1}{2} &=& \frac{1}{2}\qquad &
   \binom{n-1}{n-k} && \boxed{a+b}
\end{EQ}

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.12} }\end{center}

Definition of the macro \eqbox and its effect: 


\[
  \eqbox{1+\dfrac{1}{2}} \qquad
  \eqbox(1pt,20pt){1+\dfrac{1}{2}} \qquad
  \eqbox(5pt,5pt){1+\dfrac{1}{2}}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.13} }\end{center}

Definition of the macros \norm and \abs and their effect: 


\[ \norm{A}, \qquad \abs{A} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.14} }\end{center}

Definition of the macro \ParDer and its effect: 


\[
  \ParDer[xyyz]{f(x,y,z)}, \qquad
  \ParDer[{x^{2}}{x^{2}}{x^{2}}y\alpha]{f(x,y,z)}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.15} }\end{center}

Notice the single item of the derivatives must be a single letter (or a macro) or must be inside a group { ... }. If you use \ParDer with package EASYVECTOR remember to put macros in brace when use ``$[$ $]$'' as follows: 


\[ \xx,\xx[i,j] =
   \ParDer[\xx\xx{\xx[i,j]}\yy]{f(x,y,z)} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.16} }\end{center}

otherwise you obtain weird results like the following 


\[ \ParDer[\xx\xx\xx[i,j]\yy]{f(x,y,z)} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.17} }\end{center}

Definition of the macros \DIV, \GRAD and \LAPLA and their effect: 


\[ \DIV{A}, \qquad \GRAD{B}, \qquad \LAPLA{C} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.18} }\end{center}

Definition of the macro \SUM and its effect: 


\[
  \SUM{i=1}{100}a_{i},\quad
  \SUM[10]{i=1}{100}a_{i}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.19} }\end{center}

Definition of the macro \PROD and its effect: 


\[
  \PROD{i=1}{100}a_{i},\quad
  \PROD[10]{i=1}{100}a_{i}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.20} }\end{center}

The environment ARRAY is defined, is a simple subset of the environment array with a different spacing; look the following example 


\[
  \left(\begin{array}{cc}
    1        & \frac{1}{2} \\
        \sqrt{3} & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}
  \end{array}\right), \qquad
  \left(\begin{ARRAY}{cc}
    1        & \frac{1}{2} \\
        \sqrt{3} & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}
  \end{ARRAY}\right),
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.21} }\end{center}

The environment MATRIX is defined, is a simple replacement of \matrix command with a different spacing; look the following example 


\[
  \matrix{
    1        & \frac{1}{2} \cr
    \sqrt{3} & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}
  }, \qquad
  \begin{MATRIX}
    1        & \frac{1}{2} \cr
    \sqrt{3} & \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}
  \end{MATRIX},
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{doceqn.22} }\end{center}

Test latex2html interface

A file named easyeqn.perl is furnished for interfacing macros with perl program latex2html. The effect is to generate better HTML images of equations. For example the following equation has equation number always aligned on the right of the page:
\begin{EQ} 1 \neq \frac{1}{2} \end{EQ} (eqn)
While equation array equations are also splitted in a table to maintain alignement on resize:
\begin{displaymath} 1 \end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\neq\end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\frac{1}{2} \end{displaymath} (A)
\begin{displaymath} -\frac{1}{3} \end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\neq\end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\frac{1}{3} \end{displaymath} (B)
\begin{displaymath} 1 \end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\neq\end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\frac{2}{3} \end{displaymath} (C)
\begin{displaymath}\frac{2}{3} \end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\neq\end{displaymath} \begin{displaymath}\frac{4}{3} \end{displaymath} (D)

About this document ...

The package EASYEQN

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 doceqn

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Footnotes

... package1
the option ``showkeys'' is eliminated because the new release of EASYEQN is compatible with the SHOWKEYS package
... unpredictable2
The previous release used the command
eqlabel for equation labelling, for backward compatibility this command is maintained but the user should use the
label command
... environment3
In a previous release of EASYEQN multicolumn alignment was implemented in a EQS environment. However to keep backward compatibility such an environment is maintained

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
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The package EASYMAT

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The EASYMAT package is a macro package for supporting block matrices having equal column widths or equal rows heights or both, and supporting various kinds of rules (lines) between rows and columns. The package is based on an array/tabular-like syntax.


Contents

Some examples with EASYMAT

The pachage is loaded by means the usual way: 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[thinlines,thicklines]{easymat}
  .
  .
The options thinlines and thicklines are self explanatory. EASYMAT provides the MAT environment which is a simple re-implementation of the array/tabular environment, with some limitation and some additional features. The syntax is 
  \begin{MAT}`(eq)'`[ex]'`{cc...c}'
    a & b & ... & n \\
    ...
  \end{MAT}
or 
  \begin{MAT}`(eq,mx,my)'`[ex,MX,MY]'`{cc...c}'
     a & b & ... & n \\
     ...
  \end{MAT}

* (eq) or (eq,mx,my). By eq you can balance the rows or the column or both, as shown in this table:
Table 1.

value of eq effect
@ no balancing
r equal rows heights
c equal column widths
b equal rows heights and equal column widths
e equal rows heights and column widths
By mx and my you can modify the minimum size of the box in the MAT environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 2pt. This is useful in writing matrices an vectors.
* [ex] or [ex,MX,MY]. By ex you can specify the amount of extra space around the item in the MAT environment. The default is 2pt. By MX and MY you can modify the minimum size of the whole table in the TAB environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 10cm.
* The `{cc...c}' is the definition of the columns and their alignment. The possible alignment for the columns are:
Table 2.

c centering
l flush left
r flush right

IMPORTANT: The package can manage matrices with a maximum of 30 rows by 30 columns.

It is possible to produce rules among columns or rows as this example shows: 


\[ \begin{MAT}(b){|l:cr|}
     \first-
     \aligntop
     1 & 1 & 1 \\;
     1 & \frac{111}{222} & 1 \\
     \alignbottom
     1 & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
   \qquad
   \begin{MAT}(b){|r:cl|}
     \first-
     \alignbottom
     1 & 1 & 1 \\;
     1 & \frac{111}{222} & 1 \\
     \aligntop
     1 & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.1} }\end{center}

The command \first is used to produce the first top rule. The various separation rules are defined by a character code immediately after the command \\. The available rules for the rows and columns are

Table 3.
nothing no rule
| solid line (or - for the rows)
: dash line
; dot-dash line
. dotted line
0 solid line with size 1/5 of normal line
1 solid line with size 1/4 of normal line
2 solid line with size 1/3 of normal line
3 solid line with size 1/2 of normal line
4 equivalent to |
5 solid line with size 2 times of normal line
6 solid line with size 3 times of normal line
7 solid line with size 4 times of normal line
8 solid line with size 5 times of normal line
9 solid line with size 6 times of normal line

IMPORTANT: each row must end with \\ otherwise an error is produced.

The main feature of the MAT environment is that it is reentrant as shown below: 


\[ \begin{MAT}{0c.c9}
     \first-
     1 & 2 \\. 3 &
     \begin{MAT}{c:c}
          a & b \\.
          c & d \\
     \end{MAT} \\-
   \end{MAT}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.2} }\end{center}

IMPORTANT: The package can manage maximum reentrance of 8 levels.

Some example with balancing

The effect of various balancing is seen below: 


\[
   \begin{MAT}{|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
   \quad
   \begin{MAT}(r){|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
   \quad
   \begin{MAT}(c){|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.3} }\end{center}

and this is another example 


\[
   \begin{MAT}(b){|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
   \quad
   \begin{MAT}(e){|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.4} }\end{center}

An example with minimal size setting

It is possible to specify the minimal size of the item inside a MAT environment: 


\[ \left[
   \begin{MAT}(@,50pt,20pt){c.c}
      1 & 22 \\.
      \frac{1}{2} & 1 \\
   \end{MAT}
\right] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.5} }\end{center}

It is possible to specify the total minimal size of a MAT environment, as shown here 


\[ \left[
   \begin{MAT}(e)[2pt,3cm,3cm]{c.c}
      1 & 22 \\.
      \frac{1}{2} & 1 \\
   \end{MAT}
   \right] \times \left[
   \begin{MAT}(e)[2pt,0pt,3cm]{c}
        x \\. y \\
   \end{MAT}
   \right] = \left[
   \begin{MAT}(e)[2pt,1cm,3cm]{c}
        2 \\. \frac{3}{2} \\
   \end{MAT}
   \right]
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.6} }\end{center}

An example with various size rules

This example shows the use of various size rule in MAT environment: 


\[ \begin{MAT}(e,10pt,10pt){0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9}
   \first0
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\1
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\2
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\3
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\4
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\5
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\6
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\7
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\8
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\9 \end{MAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.7} }\end{center}

The \addpath command

Is is possible to add paths to the MAT environment. The syntax is the following 
\begin{MAT} ...... {...}
   ...... \\
   ...... \\
   ...... \\
   \addpath{(`x',`y',`rule')`path'}
   .
   .
   \addpath{(`x',`y',`rule')`path'}
\end{MAT}
where

* x and y
are the integer coordinates of the starting corner. The down left corner is at $x=0$, $y=0$.

* rule
is the code of a valid rule as described in table 3.

* path
is a string describing the path. Each letter of the string is a movement coded as follows:
Table 4.

letter direction
l left movement and drawing
r right movement and drawing
u up movement and drawing
d down movement and drawing

The following example shows the use of \addpath, 


\[ \begin{MAT}[5pt]{|ccccc|}
      \first-
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & *
      \addpath{(1,1,0)ruld}
      \addpath{(4,3,;)lldrrdll} \\-
   \end{MAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.8} }\end{center}

IMPORTANT: The commands \addpath must be put in front of the last \\ command.

This is another example 


\[ \left(\begin{MAT}[5pt]{cccccc}
      1 & *  & *   & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 11 & *   & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 111 & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 1111 & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 0    & 11111 & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 0    & 0     & 11111
      \addpath{(0,5,.)rdrdrdrdrd} \\
   \end{MAT}\right) \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.9} }\end{center}

An example with reentrance

This final example shows a slightly more complex (reentrant) definition in which the MAT environment is used: 


\def\rec(#1){\expandafter\recurse#1-\end}
\def\recurse#1#2\end{%
 \if\noexpand#1-\def\next##1##2{}%
 \else\let\next=\recursea\fi%
 \expandafter\next{#1}{#2}%
}%
\def\recursea#1#2{%
  \bgroup
    \begin{MAT}[0pt]{l:c:r}
       \aligntop
       \rec(#2) &      #1  & \rec(#2) \\;
             #1 & \rec(#2) & #1       \\;
       \alignbottom
       \rec(#2) &      #1  & \rec(#2) \\
    \end{MAT}
  \egroup
}
\small
\[
  \recurse\clubsuit\diamondsuit\heartsuit\end
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.10} }\end{center}

About this document ...

The package EASYMAT

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 docmat

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
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The package EASYMAT

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The EASYMAT package is a macro package for supporting block matrices having equal column widths or equal rows heights or both, and supporting various kinds of rules (lines) between rows and columns. The package is based on an array/tabular-like syntax.


Contents

Some examples with EASYMAT

The pachage is loaded by means the usual way: 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[thinlines,thicklines]{easymat}
  .
  .
The options thinlines and thicklines are self explanatory. EASYMAT provides the MAT environment which is a simple re-implementation of the array/tabular environment, with some limitation and some additional features. The syntax is 
  \begin{MAT}`(eq)'`[ex]'`{cc...c}'
    a & b & ... & n \\
    ...
  \end{MAT}
or 
  \begin{MAT}`(eq,mx,my)'`[ex,MX,MY]'`{cc...c}'
     a & b & ... & n \\
     ...
  \end{MAT}

* (eq) or (eq,mx,my). By eq you can balance the rows or the column or both, as shown in this table:
Table 1.

value of eq effect
@ no balancing
r equal rows heights
c equal column widths
b equal rows heights and equal column widths
e equal rows heights and column widths
By mx and my you can modify the minimum size of the box in the MAT environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 2pt. This is useful in writing matrices an vectors.
* [ex] or [ex,MX,MY]. By ex you can specify the amount of extra space around the item in the MAT environment. The default is 2pt. By MX and MY you can modify the minimum size of the whole table in the TAB environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 10cm.
* The `{cc...c}' is the definition of the columns and their alignment. The possible alignment for the columns are:
Table 2.

c centering
l flush left
r flush right

IMPORTANT: The package can manage matrices with a maximum of 30 rows by 30 columns.

It is possible to produce rules among columns or rows as this example shows: 


\[ \begin{MAT}(b){|l:cr|}
     \first-
     \aligntop
     1 & 1 & 1 \\;
     1 & \frac{111}{222} & 1 \\
     \alignbottom
     1 & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
   \qquad
   \begin{MAT}(b){|r:cl|}
     \first-
     \alignbottom
     1 & 1 & 1 \\;
     1 & \frac{111}{222} & 1 \\
     \aligntop
     1 & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.1} }\end{center}

The command \first is used to produce the first top rule. The various separation rules are defined by a character code immediately after the command \\. The available rules for the rows and columns are

Table 3.
nothing no rule
| solid line (or - for the rows)
: dash line
; dot-dash line
. dotted line
0 solid line with size 1/5 of normal line
1 solid line with size 1/4 of normal line
2 solid line with size 1/3 of normal line
3 solid line with size 1/2 of normal line
4 equivalent to |
5 solid line with size 2 times of normal line
6 solid line with size 3 times of normal line
7 solid line with size 4 times of normal line
8 solid line with size 5 times of normal line
9 solid line with size 6 times of normal line

IMPORTANT: each row must end with \\ otherwise an error is produced.

The main feature of the MAT environment is that it is reentrant as shown below: 


\[ \begin{MAT}{0c.c9}
     \first-
     1 & 2 \\. 3 &
     \begin{MAT}{c:c}
          a & b \\.
          c & d \\
     \end{MAT} \\-
   \end{MAT}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.2} }\end{center}

IMPORTANT: The package can manage maximum reentrance of 8 levels.

Some example with balancing

The effect of various balancing is seen below: 


\[
   \begin{MAT}{|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
   \quad
   \begin{MAT}(r){|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
   \quad
   \begin{MAT}(c){|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.3} }\end{center}

and this is another example 


\[
   \begin{MAT}(b){|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
   \quad
   \begin{MAT}(e){|c|c|c|}
       \first-
       1 & 22 & 333 \\-
       \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 1 \\-
       \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}} & 1 & 1 \\-
   \end{MAT}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.4} }\end{center}

An example with minimal size setting

It is possible to specify the minimal size of the item inside a MAT environment: 


\[ \left[
   \begin{MAT}(@,50pt,20pt){c.c}
      1 & 22 \\.
      \frac{1}{2} & 1 \\
   \end{MAT}
\right] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.5} }\end{center}

It is possible to specify the total minimal size of a MAT environment, as shown here 


\[ \left[
   \begin{MAT}(e)[2pt,3cm,3cm]{c.c}
      1 & 22 \\.
      \frac{1}{2} & 1 \\
   \end{MAT}
   \right] \times \left[
   \begin{MAT}(e)[2pt,0pt,3cm]{c}
        x \\. y \\
   \end{MAT}
   \right] = \left[
   \begin{MAT}(e)[2pt,1cm,3cm]{c}
        2 \\. \frac{3}{2} \\
   \end{MAT}
   \right]
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.6} }\end{center}

An example with various size rules

This example shows the use of various size rule in MAT environment: 


\[ \begin{MAT}(e,10pt,10pt){0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9}
   \first0
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\1
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\2
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\3
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\4
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\5
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\6
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\7
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\8
   * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * \\9 \end{MAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.7} }\end{center}

The \addpath command

Is is possible to add paths to the MAT environment. The syntax is the following 
\begin{MAT} ...... {...}
   ...... \\
   ...... \\
   ...... \\
   \addpath{(`x',`y',`rule')`path'}
   .
   .
   \addpath{(`x',`y',`rule')`path'}
\end{MAT}
where

* x and y
are the integer coordinates of the starting corner. The down left corner is at $x=0$, $y=0$.

* rule
is the code of a valid rule as described in table 3.

* path
is a string describing the path. Each letter of the string is a movement coded as follows:
Table 4.

letter direction
l left movement and drawing
r right movement and drawing
u up movement and drawing
d down movement and drawing

The following example shows the use of \addpath, 


\[ \begin{MAT}[5pt]{|ccccc|}
      \first-
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & * \\
      * & * & * & * & *
      \addpath{(1,1,0)ruld}
      \addpath{(4,3,;)lldrrdll} \\-
   \end{MAT} \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.8} }\end{center}

IMPORTANT: The commands \addpath must be put in front of the last \\ command.

This is another example 


\[ \left(\begin{MAT}[5pt]{cccccc}
      1 & *  & *   & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 11 & *   & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 111 & *    & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 1111 & *     & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 0    & 11111 & * \\
      0 & 0  & 0   & 0    & 0     & 11111
      \addpath{(0,5,.)rdrdrdrdrd} \\
   \end{MAT}\right) \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.9} }\end{center}

An example with reentrance

This final example shows a slightly more complex (reentrant) definition in which the MAT environment is used: 


\def\rec(#1){\expandafter\recurse#1-\end}
\def\recurse#1#2\end{%
 \if\noexpand#1-\def\next##1##2{}%
 \else\let\next=\recursea\fi%
 \expandafter\next{#1}{#2}%
}%
\def\recursea#1#2{%
  \bgroup
    \begin{MAT}[0pt]{l:c:r}
       \aligntop
       \rec(#2) &      #1  & \rec(#2) \\;
             #1 & \rec(#2) & #1       \\;
       \alignbottom
       \rec(#2) &      #1  & \rec(#2) \\
    \end{MAT}
  \egroup
}
\small
\[
  \recurse\clubsuit\diamondsuit\heartsuit\end
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docmat.10} }\end{center}

About this document ...

The package EASYMAT

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Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

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The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
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The package EASYTABLE

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The EASYTABLE package is a macro package for writing tables, with equal column widths or equal rows heights or both, with various kinds of rules (lines) between rows and columns. It uses an array/tabular-like syntax.

How to use it

The package is loaded by means of the usual way: 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[thinlines,thicklines]{easytab}
  .
  .
The options thinlines, and thicklines are self explanatory.

The package EASYTAB provides the TAB environment which is a simple (re)implementation of the array--tabular environment, with some limitations and some additional features. The syntax can be either 

  \begin{TAB}`(eq)'`[ex]'`{cc...c}'`{cc...c}'
     a & b & ... & n \\
     ...
  \end{TAB}
or 
  \begin{TAB}`(eq,mx,my)'`[ex,MX,MY]'`{cc...c}'`{cc...c}'
     a & b & ... & n \\
     ...
  \end{TAB}

* (eq) or (eq,mx,my). By eq you can balance the rows or the column or both, as shown in this table:
Table 1.

value of eq effect
@ no balancing
r equal rows heights
c equal column widths
b equal rows heights and equal column widths
e equal rows heights and column widths
By mx and my you can modify the minimum size of the box in the TAB environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 2pt. This is useful in writing matrices an vectors.
* [ex] or [ex,MX,MY]. By ex you can specify the amount of extra space around the item in the TAB environment. The default is 2pt. By MX and MY you can modify the minimum size of the whole table in the TAB environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 10cm.
* The first {cc...c} is the definition of the columns and their alignment. The possible alignment for the columns are:
Table 2.

c centering
l flush left
r flush right
* The second {cc...c} is the definition of the rows their alignment. The possible alignment for the rows are:
Table 3.

c centering
t flush top
b flush bottom

IMPORTANT: The package can manage matrices with a maximum of 30 rows by 30 columns.
IMPORTANT: The functionality of the environment ``TAB'' is the same of the environment BMAT the only difference is that its entries are in ``text'' mode not in ``mathematic'' mode. Please read the documentation of the package EASYBMAT to understand how to use ``TAB''.

About this document ...

The package EASYTABLE

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 doctable

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
doc.html/doctable/index.html010064400007650000024000000153620744564412500155650ustar00enricostaff The package EASYTABLE

The package EASYTABLE

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The EASYTABLE package is a macro package for writing tables, with equal column widths or equal rows heights or both, with various kinds of rules (lines) between rows and columns. It uses an array/tabular-like syntax.

How to use it

The package is loaded by means of the usual way: 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[thinlines,thicklines]{easytab}
  .
  .
The options thinlines, and thicklines are self explanatory.

The package EASYTAB provides the TAB environment which is a simple (re)implementation of the array--tabular environment, with some limitations and some additional features. The syntax can be either 

  \begin{TAB}`(eq)'`[ex]'`{cc...c}'`{cc...c}'
     a & b & ... & n \\
     ...
  \end{TAB}
or 
  \begin{TAB}`(eq,mx,my)'`[ex,MX,MY]'`{cc...c}'`{cc...c}'
     a & b & ... & n \\
     ...
  \end{TAB}

* (eq) or (eq,mx,my). By eq you can balance the rows or the column or both, as shown in this table:
Table 1.

value of eq effect
@ no balancing
r equal rows heights
c equal column widths
b equal rows heights and equal column widths
e equal rows heights and column widths
By mx and my you can modify the minimum size of the box in the TAB environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 2pt. This is useful in writing matrices an vectors.
* [ex] or [ex,MX,MY]. By ex you can specify the amount of extra space around the item in the TAB environment. The default is 2pt. By MX and MY you can modify the minimum size of the whole table in the TAB environment. This must be a valid measure e.g. 10cm.
* The first {cc...c} is the definition of the columns and their alignment. The possible alignment for the columns are:
Table 2.

c centering
l flush left
r flush right
* The second {cc...c} is the definition of the rows their alignment. The possible alignment for the rows are:
Table 3.

c centering
t flush top
b flush bottom

IMPORTANT: The package can manage matrices with a maximum of 30 rows by 30 columns.
IMPORTANT: The functionality of the environment ``TAB'' is the same of the environment BMAT the only difference is that its entries are in ``text'' mode not in ``mathematic'' mode. Please read the documentation of the package EASYBMAT to understand how to use ``TAB''.

About this document ...

The package EASYTABLE

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 doctable

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
doc.html/doctable/labels.pl010064400007650000024000000002500744564412500153550ustar00enricostaff# LaTeX2HTML 2K.1beta (1.61) # Associate labels original text with physical files. 1; # LaTeX2HTML 2K.1beta (1.61) # labels from external_latex_labels array. 1; doc.html/docvector004075500007650000024000000000000744564412500137205ustar00enricostaffdoc.html/docvector/bk.jpg010074500007650000024000000206070744564412500151010ustar00enricostaffJFIFHH AppleMark    % #!,!#'(***.1-)1%)*(  (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((  }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyzw!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz{" ?2yj80}X8<>X#K(+ I?V6C }FN?SNdH~a601}Ƿ\VV I%rnzq8:ʮrw^:p:qI$x)x\NJ18Um0þ3x`4eV3aX@ssC;uoCrXR@`Lq0V#b3{ }Q\1#r8#e>SlxDZ9*G<  U 1qum ^=H[.8FN03Nttx|$U'lA*7YxNWl?U8'<999fِ#z9cYo[ſvA׫To6[%)n{q*؊]H 's܆=8k'pi0@T9AԅߒjLj2NWnG`#I*H6dRh\CZHQ(h| gN:q4/֒#f!I;q:Nvd'`=3NOZ21"J;F w9=ߊH+ ʧ81 r Lw+`8|qz&#֮$9th@28 #8G#f8̋mЦw3y ~DZ&RXyzd23 glv'yl` }*q><-R8|@qӃ:Ui#~ צ3;UF'8~c #H,bsԎ=*#P;jM7'ڢ 9c9[jG88 g<)ĖՉ(VrrqiҼ[X7&Kpq ^J{e_vKNy<@)͑rTA+=n,r5}˽XO g}N)dpR1%9 9#2I#'MVQ!ǡPҨ; o=UQE÷AA܃rF3ۃӚaFmn$=ҞUMn=7pˌciYc'99 ߟj2U U%Nx$0a\f2|,zxGQ,q%߸e6N39Vm|-I^O׮@ҋZ"s g9yO^ X(r01:/ӯPm!JF8py S G fgQIc@AI+N} H H1i%\zz+xoXqצHC,ܒh|03x׶s+ZKc 89$q߭0U{ 0tL68ZGF`wqK^@Ted2K]B@2s1ۨ{R.8aG8$t< {I^D%ծq9ǩl}AzW~KUgF;IK=eS`!Q9PǧN=JUL*ē?!vaq䈦~NG'3ƄV$ ;0Pzc=wuϯ$(͍3CLs)ZHl3#I3|,30\$p::^ ȳa.y;t#>^*M0d1Asqs Fne8_$gXŸ#*>lg8PssqLڕ䀫c0'Cdz >y># ,{Bwp\s=p8?J`k-~yc*Hy8; ܑCgy@ТiM\{=A * p++:c֥gRz]F d`u=*YHV0y?ۯ bv|ggpz܁ vڅ >F};K'Em=sFOb%%QH*(y2 yd=4Bi aAggq]HKnCeuס:9'$2 m'#k7?]F}P1ږ&)v,e9olO8#g/03JSp}?":o1y'sq>fGDx+C/sz~k֐|b\ =388؃u2m`@ӿen"!ZH>_I+<+%!wdq~c֒ݐ;E;s8ۯZ!|nX}ܞs sb.W@'?(Gu\stj&tW !:s=z Ԣ+o$0zB!F8+`u* p;q҅c3 3{O6?%%)v31֜WޖpנEr# zy#sØ\@b7~OL5[ܽUI*O^i-Df+`d:-}G{hZ @39a?zw)s)pN0prX±@Y0+y5-!N$bˌqJq0B*raH lq]N3@+Ъ#b4`wޙ^nry郃 zr}iQH398G+H;9Gl=N҂QI%+$s0rO<, ~b11\iir /;r3=ReH(ߎ=ǧ|T-(ƤNH+?QL 6Ԫcr'99j@o1 ;9-tH8G̣~sT6ȧWh**8xئwvx? RYSpB$;䃆=h}JKcq$ॹ` 9q_a4܋elQGAaJrhHyXc?E 2sO sQV,h'c8RFn,yl2x 0IY 0/$`܎6.9G~x x 7@Bg  ~@T!m я<ϯjzVȚ@QKہߜp:4H1Np 2MId2[ڣd81d~‹Zo0.X'hlu8Qqډ.B6Տ$sFp^٢M0J'0yڇ p8*zdc@iX5kg!zcg;1mx9}ߖ;R6ʶU9p:7>JRus,J3']6! 2C7N9>UY$DLN0NA==G} FLb`‚A<|Y[(qcޢYIa9 9^8(qnCc`8AwatM@GcG' qsĻ0!?L#堜.39$ڣؤJp`H:>Zrr :ȳl>^3qc$E\7ItO,G{Brx#ی$TmlYX/G B}^1BZL$HFe-9>?|j|`s 䏺G'98M;;p$EBD>B$}۠s'7A ۏgy9Bk@\U=:t80s@#qP?8{dpd! +8 ހib׿p܌p6#}QtT nQ0` zQ *$&<,)+xf#gQd=ny98b?T Ȣ gt8sy$#˃6`v#>Q"y98甊<Gjd8@Q:e"veFnj9sOj"p cq=?J;t{e\Kn93l =Q2M&ݗnv'!8NDZvzP r3 Q[|(h=}*PcPQ%N:z}8UiKgrvqr?\ɥ~~eipm;~<篧50+awN@ztn~Zg$49#ՖF`2d3B툃BĀH==9OeU"9B2#69t;D.pqP#f22+rH,1ۭ6uF)|;q럦s9Vಖ sӟ$VyY$y9zpP:"G I*oÓ8j ݑ[hyIFs1ׁN`J230 -0{dӿqÄHFp0x?/qmdy#v}~SW[l. qO8뜓Irr|FNG㌃ߥ_[HcĊe\p'R]ŐFOH 2Fv92ٜ_INNq1NDlo-r7q$gj! lS_? EB@Z7r1׎FA.'.]/v뎿h^XauT2Hy9@^2s&9!VW󈐌H$;89'ѬoU3apלҲ!n3"YYy29;NF3Cc۞:Dȸ!$b GڙآDA{[ҟ(W7*L)a4AL1¡,'-FIG08Spϓ~~yI o6psNs>ª+@d\*Oh澁mHU/.2ˎ:x4Ue>O9({c?:|A^iam%)pO u檜}bMG#doc.html/docvector/docvector.css010064400007650000024000000015730744564412500165040ustar00enricostaff/* Century Schoolbook font is very similar to Computer Modern Math: cmmi */ .MATH { font-family: "Century Schoolbook", serif; } .MATH I { font-family: "Century Schoolbook", serif; font-style: italic } .BOLDMATH { font-family: "Century Schoolbook", serif; font-weight: bold } /* implement both fixed-size and relative sizes */ SMALL.XTINY { font-size : xx-small } SMALL.TINY { font-size : x-small } SMALL.SCRIPTSIZE { font-size : smaller } SMALL.FOOTNOTESIZE { font-size : small } SMALL.SMALL { } BIG.LARGE { } BIG.XLARGE { font-size : large } BIG.XXLARGE { font-size : x-large } BIG.HUGE { font-size : larger } BIG.XHUGE { font-size : xx-large } /* heading styles */ H1 { } H2 { } H3 { } H4 { } H5 { } /* mathematics styles */ DIV.displaymath { } /* math displays */ TD.eqno { } /* equation-number cells */ /* document-specific styles come next */ doc.html/docvector/docvector.html010064400007650000024000000255750744564412500166700ustar00enricostaff The package EASYVECTOR

The package EASYVECTOR

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The EASYVECTOR package is a simple macro package that provides a C-like syntax for writing vectors or matrices.


Contents

Some examples with EASYVECTOR

The package is loaded by means of the usual way: 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[spacesep,definevectors]{easyvector}
  .
  .
The package option spacesep means that the separator for the indices is the command \smallspace instead of ``,'' (comma).

The package option definevectors means that the command \aa,..., \zz and \AA,..., \ZZ are predefined as vectors. It also defines the commands \Balpha, \Bbeta and so on, as bold greek vectors. The latex commands \aa, \AA, \gg, \ll, \ss, \SS, \tt are saved in the commands \oldxx where xx is the name of the old command.

Use of the \newvector command

The general syntax of \newvector command is 
  \newvector[\cmda,\cmdb]{cmd}
or 
  \newvector(a)[cmd]
In the first case, it creates the new command (macro) \cmd which executes \cmda when in scalar mode and \cmdb when in vector mode. In the second case it creates a new command \cmd which substitutes the letter \mathit{a} when in scalar, mode and \mathbf{a} when in vector mode. Scalar mode is activated when \cmd is immediately followed by [. In scalar mode everything between [ and ] (with balancing) is assumed to be as an index. For example the commands 


\newvector[\alpha,\beta]{W}
\newvector[X,\mathbf{X}]{X}
\[ \W = (\W[i,j]), \qquad \X = (\X[i,j;k])\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.1} }\end{center}

The structure of the [...] command is the following 

  [i,j,...,k;x,y,...,z]
where i,j,...,k are subscripts and x,y,...,z are superscripts. The comma ``,'' is used as a separator between different indices, and the semi-colon ``;'' separates subscripts and superscripts. There are no limits on the number of indices, and the code is reentrant, as the following example illustrates 


\newvector(a)[av]
\newvector(b)[bv]
\[ \av = \pmatrix{ \av[1,1] & \av[1,2] \cr
                   \av[2,1] & \av[2,2] \cr}, \qquad
   \bv = \left\{ \bv[\gamma,\bv[i,j;k];a] \right\}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.2} }\end{center}

Use of the ! command

It is possible to enforce vector mode also when using indices by using the character ! before [ 


\newvector(z)[zzz]
\[ \zzz[1,2,3] \neq \zzz![1,2,3] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.3} }\end{center}

Use of the \newcustomvector command

In some circumstances the command \newcustomvector can be useful. Is is essentially the \newvector command with an extra argument that is a macro to manage the index part. 


\def\myindex[#1,#2,#3]{_{#1_{#2}}^{#3}}
\newcustomvector[\mathtt{a},\mathbf{a}]{aaa}\myindex
\[ \aaa[1,2,3], \qquad \aaa[3,2,1], \qquad \aaa \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.4} }\end{center}

Important: For old users (version $< 0.6$) the command \customindex is suppressed and the \newcustomvector is used instead.

The ``definevectors'' option

This option defines the following vectors for you: 
  \aa,\bb,...,\zz    \AA,\BB,...,\ZZ
  \Balpha, \Bbeta, ..., \Bomega
for example 


\[
  \Balpha[i,j], \quad \Balpha,
  \quad \BB[i,j], \quad \BB,
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.5} }\end{center}

The ``@'' convention

In linear algebra it is common to use the notation $\AA[@,j]$ to denote the vector formed by the $j^{th}$ column of $\AA$. Note that $\AA$ is in vector format not in scalar format ($\AA[]$). We can use ``$\bullet$'' as an index in a vector forcing the vector mode by using @ as follows: 


\[ \AA[@,j], \qquad \Balpha[i,j;@] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.6} }\end{center}

About this document ...

The package EASYVECTOR

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 docvector

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
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The package EASYVECTOR

Enrico Bertolazzi

Department of Mechanics and Structures Engineering
University of Trento
via Mesiano 77, I - 38050 Trento, Italy

enrico.bertolazzi@ing.unitn.it

Abstract:

The EASYVECTOR package is a simple macro package that provides a C-like syntax for writing vectors or matrices.


Contents

Some examples with EASYVECTOR

The package is loaded by means of the usual way: 
  \documentclass{article}
  .
  .
  \usepackage[spacesep,definevectors]{easyvector}
  .
  .
The package option spacesep means that the separator for the indices is the command \smallspace instead of ``,'' (comma).

The package option definevectors means that the command \aa,..., \zz and \AA,..., \ZZ are predefined as vectors. It also defines the commands \Balpha, \Bbeta and so on, as bold greek vectors. The latex commands \aa, \AA, \gg, \ll, \ss, \SS, \tt are saved in the commands \oldxx where xx is the name of the old command.

Use of the \newvector command

The general syntax of \newvector command is 
  \newvector[\cmda,\cmdb]{cmd}
or 
  \newvector(a)[cmd]
In the first case, it creates the new command (macro) \cmd which executes \cmda when in scalar mode and \cmdb when in vector mode. In the second case it creates a new command \cmd which substitutes the letter \mathit{a} when in scalar, mode and \mathbf{a} when in vector mode. Scalar mode is activated when \cmd is immediately followed by [. In scalar mode everything between [ and ] (with balancing) is assumed to be as an index. For example the commands 


\newvector[\alpha,\beta]{W}
\newvector[X,\mathbf{X}]{X}
\[ \W = (\W[i,j]), \qquad \X = (\X[i,j;k])\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.1} }\end{center}

The structure of the [...] command is the following 

  [i,j,...,k;x,y,...,z]
where i,j,...,k are subscripts and x,y,...,z are superscripts. The comma ``,'' is used as a separator between different indices, and the semi-colon ``;'' separates subscripts and superscripts. There are no limits on the number of indices, and the code is reentrant, as the following example illustrates 


\newvector(a)[av]
\newvector(b)[bv]
\[ \av = \pmatrix{ \av[1,1] & \av[1,2] \cr
                   \av[2,1] & \av[2,2] \cr}, \qquad
   \bv = \left\{ \bv[\gamma,\bv[i,j;k];a] \right\}
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.2} }\end{center}

Use of the ! command

It is possible to enforce vector mode also when using indices by using the character ! before [ 


\newvector(z)[zzz]
\[ \zzz[1,2,3] \neq \zzz![1,2,3] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.3} }\end{center}

Use of the \newcustomvector command

In some circumstances the command \newcustomvector can be useful. Is is essentially the \newvector command with an extra argument that is a macro to manage the index part. 


\def\myindex[#1,#2,#3]{_{#1_{#2}}^{#3}}
\newcustomvector[\mathtt{a},\mathbf{a}]{aaa}\myindex
\[ \aaa[1,2,3], \qquad \aaa[3,2,1], \qquad \aaa \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.4} }\end{center}

Important: For old users (version $< 0.6$) the command \customindex is suppressed and the \newcustomvector is used instead.

The ``definevectors'' option

This option defines the following vectors for you: 
  \aa,\bb,...,\zz    \AA,\BB,...,\ZZ
  \Balpha, \Bbeta, ..., \Bomega
for example 


\[
  \Balpha[i,j], \quad \Balpha,
  \quad \BB[i,j], \quad \BB,
\]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.5} }\end{center}

The ``@'' convention

In linear algebra it is common to use the notation $\AA[@,j]$ to denote the vector formed by the $j^{th}$ column of $\AA$. Note that $\AA$ is in vector format not in scalar format ($\AA[]$). We can use ``$\bullet$'' as an index in a vector forcing the vector mode by using @ as follows: 


\[ \AA[@,j], \qquad \Balpha[i,j;@] \]

\begin{center}\vbox{\input{docvector.6} }\end{center}

About this document ...

The package EASYVECTOR

This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2K.1beta (1.61)

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html -transparent -local_icons -no_navigation -split 0 docvector

The translation was initiated by Enrico Bertolazzi on 2002-03-19

Enrico Bertolazzi 2002-03-19
doc.html/docvector/labels.pl010064400007650000024000000002500744564412500155700ustar00enricostaff# LaTeX2HTML 2K.1beta (1.61) # Associate labels original text with physical files. 1; # LaTeX2HTML 2K.1beta (1.61) # labels from external_latex_labels array. 1;